what has Mexico done to improve women's condition?
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Answer:
Mexico has made significant progress in the achievement of women’s rights and gender equality, especially in key areas at federal level: strengthening of national laws to ensure women and men equality; strong gender institutionalism and increased public resources earmarked for gender equality.
The National Development Plan (2013 – 2018) for the first time mainstreams gender equality and women’s empowerment in all its areas, and the National Gender Equality Policy (2013 – 2018) is focused on advancing substantive equality. The federal budget earmarked for equality among men and women reached USD 1, 65 billion in 2015, which represents a 157% increase, but it represents only 0.5% of public spending.
In 2014 the highest advance in the gender equality field was the Political-Electoral Reform; it elevated gender parity to a constitutional level for candidacies to Federal and State Congress. In March 2015 this advance solidified when parity became a statutory obligation to register candidates.
Despite the progress made, gender equality in Mexico faces a series of structural challenges characterized by an unrelenting gap between formal and substantive equality in all areas of development; it means that there is an implementation gap between what is stated in the laws, plans, programs and budgets on women’s rights and practical implementation and compliance in daily life. Progress has also been made in law and policy harmonization with international commitments, especially CEDAW, this harmonization is still partial, mainly at state and municipal level.
Accountability of gender equality achievements is still deficient, insufficient funding persists and predictability for the gender equality agenda in the country, in domestic resources as well as international. In February 2015, the federal government announced a considerable public spending reduction (20%), this negatively affected government resource mobilization to achieve gender equality.
A cause for concern is the escalation of generalized violence in several target areas of the country, showing patterns of human rights violations and impunity at all levels, in particular enforced disappearances, torture, arbitrary detention, as well as attacks on human rights activists and journalist men and women alike.
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