What Improves the body's resistance disease in one word
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These specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity.
Answer:
The concept of a two-component defence response — involving resistance and tolerance — is well described by plant ecologists to assess plant health in parasite–plant interactions1–5. This model has much to offer for our understanding of animal defence mechanisms against pathogens. In vertebrate models of infectious diseases, we rarely carry out such analyses and it is practically impossible to do this for actual patients. However, the logic behind this type of analysis could be useful, because resistance and tolerance, as defined in this manner, have exciting ecological and biomedical implications.
Reaction norms are a measurement of the phenotypes for a given genotype across a range of environments and they are used in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology to measure how an individual responds to a range of environmental conditions (Figure 1). Plant ecologists adapted this method to assess the fitness of a plant (for example, seed production) in response to some measurement of parasite load, be it damage induced by the parasites/host response or the actual number of parasites 6. In this context, resistance is defined as the inverse of the parasite burden; when resistance increases, the level of pathogen will decrease. Tolerance is defined by the slope of the reaction norm; the more tolerant the host, the flatter the slope will be7–8. In other words, more tolerant plants will exhibit a smaller decrease in their overall health as parasite burden increases compared with non-tolerant plants. By using the slope of the relationship between health and pathogen load it is relatively simple to compare populations that may differ in their health before they were infected (a property defined as vigor).
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