What is a computer? Some beginning terms, history of computer?
Answers
Answer:A computer is a machine that accepts data as input, process that data using programs, and output the processed data. Many computers can store and retrieve information using hard drives. Computers can be connected together to form networks, allowing connected computers to communicate with each other.
The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific instruction set in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). There are four main processing steps in a computer: inputting, storage, outputting and processing.
Modern computers can do billions of calculations per second. Computers do many different jobs where automation is useful. Some examples are controlling traffic lights, vehicle computers, security systems, washing machines and digital televisions.
Computers can be designed to do almost anything with information. Computers are used to control large and small machines which in the past were controlled by humans. Most people have used a personal computer in their home or at work. They are used for things such as listening to music, reading the news and writing.
Modern computers are electronic computer hardware. They do mathematical arithmetic very quickly but computers do not really "think". They only follow the instructions in their software programs. The software uses the hardware when the user gives it instructions, and gives useful output.
Humans control computers with user interfaces. Input devices include keyboards, computer mice, buttons, and touch screens. Some computers can also be controlled with voice commands, hand gestures or even brain signals through electrodes implanted in the brain or along nerves.
Computer programs are designed or written by computer programmers. A few programmers write programs in the computer's own language called machine code. Most programs are written using a programming language like C++, Java, and Fortran. These programming languages are more like the language with which one talks and writes every day. The compiler translates the user's instructions into binary code (machine code) that the computer will understand and do what is needed.
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Explanation:
Computer: Computer is an electronic programmable device that works according to instructions gives by User. Computers can understand only binary language i.e. 0,1. Units of computers are very important in order to bring proper control and co-ordination in system.
Computer helps us to save our data, information, our files, photos, videos etc. Computers are today mainly used for storing information, Browsing, Internet activities, Creating presentations, Communication, Exploring world using internet and doing complex calculations. It is to be said that, The computer has been passed through the 5 generations. Each generation of computer brought major changes to the world of computers.
Uses/Advantages of computers:
- Storage: Computers can be used for storing data and using it while it is required.
- Accuracy: Computers are very accurate. Hence, they have very high accuracy.
- Efficiency: It is easy to use and understand the computer. We can do complex calculations, complex work on computer easily.
- Communication: Computers can be also used for communicating through internet.
- Internet: Once, we are connected to internet, then we can do exploration of the outer world.
- Scientific calculations and predictions: At higher level, Computers are used for weather predictions, medical science, space research, AI development etc.
- Employment: Software companies provides a lot of Jobs opportunities to people. Hence, Computers provides employment.
- Speed: Computers have ability to perform the large task very rapidly.
Disadvantages of Computers:
- Costly: Nowadays computers are costly. Due to which, poor people can't buy them.
- High repairing cost: As computers are very costly. There repairing parts too are costly.
- Overuse: Overuse of computers lead to various health diseases like problem in Back vertebral column, problems in neck and even Brain tumor may happen.
- Effect on Children: Video games of computers affects the small child's most.
Types of Computers:
1) Mini computers - Usually they are found in the Mini electronic devices like smartwatches, Calculators, Smartphone.
2) Tablet computers- Tablets which we see in our daily life; Eg: i-Pad, Samsung Tab....etc.
3) Digital computers - All the computers which we use today are digital computers. Digital computers are also referred as Personal Computer(PC).
4) Super computer - This computers are generally used for research work, Meteorology, Servers, Space research etc.
Generations of computer:
- 1st generation of computer is beginning of the age of computers. In the first generation computers,
- In the second generation of computers, The major change was using Transistors.
- 3rd generation of computers used Integrated circuits for data processing.
- Microprocessors were invented and used in 4th generation of computer.
- Today, we are living in the 5th generation of computers. In this generation of computer, there is use of Nano processor.
Components of computer:
There are 5 basis components of computer, which helps computer system to run properly without any interruption. A computer system is designed in such a way that, every byte of information inputted should be processed properly, Such that user should get the required output.
i) Input Unit
- Input units reads the data provided from input device.
- This data in the form of binary code is sent to the computer unit.
- Computer unit processes the information and provides the necessary output to the user.
ii) Output unit
- It accepts the information provided by computer system in binary codes.
- But, we humans can't understand that language, So, Output unit converts the information from binary language to Humans language.
- Output unit includes Monitor, Sound system etc.
iii) Storage unit
- Storing the data and information in memory provided to output unit as a history.
- Processing the files required to output unit while using programs, applications and games from storage devices.
IV) Central processing unit (CPU)
- Arithmetic logical unit and Logical unit are the important components of this system.
- Architecture of computer is designed in this CPU, such that, only supported devices can perform the operations. Like CPU designed by IBM cannot be used to run Mac OS.
V) Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)
- ALU is an important component of CPU.
- ALU receives the data for processing from the temporary storage from the files called as "registers".
- All processing and computations are done by the ALU.
Charles Babbage is a founder of Computers. He was mathematician, Mechanical engineer, philosopher and inventor. He is everything that first created a programmable computer. Because of this great invention, Today, we are living a digital life.
Learn More:
Computer - Uses, Advantages, Structure and Organisation -brainly.in/question/4176835
Artificial Intelligence - It's uses, Advantages and Disadvantages, Applications, It's working and Machine Learning - brainly.in/question/14024876
Components and Units of computers - https://brainly.in/question/13754251