Question

What is a covalent bond.give ex.

Answer 1

the bond which is formed by sharing of electrons is called covalent bond.
Ex.CH3COOH

Answer 2

⏺heya friend !

✔here's your answer :-

➡COVALENT BOND :-
⚫ a covalent bond is a bond in which the atoms show mutual sharing ie pair of electrons are shared between the elements.

⚫covalent bond can be formed between same type (homoatomic )or different different type of atoms.(heteroatomic).

➡conditions for forming covalent bond includes:

⚫electronegativity difference should be less or negligible between the bonded atoms.
⚫also the atoms which are going for the bonding should have well vacancy for sharing of electrons.
⚫vacancy here implies atleast one electron should be absent in the valence shell of the atom to do mutual sharing.

➡EXAMPLES :-
>>in case of same type of atoms forming covalent bond :-

⚫chlorine (Cl2),
⚫hydrogen(H2),
⚫bromine(Br2),
⚫oxygen(O2),
⚫ozone (O3).......etc.

>>in case of different type of atoms forming covalent bonds :-

⚫methane (CH4),
⚫Ammonia(NH3),
⚫hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride( HCl),
⚫alkane(C2H6)......etc.

➡covalent bonding example in detail :-

❇ CHLORINE :-

⚫each chlorine atom comprises of 7 valence electrons.
⚫while doing mutual sharing each chlorine shares one of its valence electron with the other chlorine atom.
⚫in this way the valence shell gets completed and completes octel rule because now each chlorine atom has 8 electrons in valence shell.
⚫in this way it forms covalent bond.
◆consider the image above for more understanding....

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➡details of some other compounds formed by covalent bond :-

⚫similarly in case of oxygen, two electrons or a pair of electrons is shared between bonded atoms.
⚫in nitrogen, 3 electrons are shared.
⚫in hydrogen chloride, an electron is shared between hydrogen and chlorine.
⚫in ammonia, 3 electrons are mutually shared by each of the atoms ie nitrogen and hydrogen.
⚫similarly you can form compounds using covalent bond.

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i hope it helps u !!!!☺