what is a dynamo how it can be made at home
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A dynamo is an electric generator made from coils of wires that are made to turn in a permanent magnetic field by way of a commutator. Essentially any electric DC motor with a permanent magnet can become a dynamo
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A dynamo is an electric generator made from coils of wires that are made to turn in a permanent magnetic field by way of a commutator. Essentially any electric DC motor with a permanent magnet can become a dynamo. Rather than applying current to the motor to cause it to spin, you can turn the shaft of the motor and generate a current.
Selecting the DC Motor
We used a 12v 50:1 DC gear motor. The reason for the gearing ratio is so that we don’t have to crank the motor at 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM) to generate the power we need. Motors are rated for certain voltages and will give you the RPM for those voltages. Sometimes you’ll get a current rating as well. If a 12V DC motor turns at 100 RPM and draws 100mA of current, it’s consuming about 1.2W of power. When used as a dynamo, we can expect to generate something close to 1W when turning the motor at 100RPM. Basically, a motor rated for 60-120 RPM at your desired output voltage is good for hand cranked applications, higher RPM ratings are good for use in bike driven applications.
Determine the Polarity
This is a bit tricky; you’ll get different results depending on which way you turn the motor shaft. Measure the voltage across the terminals while turning the motor in the desired direction (I chose clockwise because it’s like winding up a fishing reel). Label the terminals of the battery positive and negative and mark which direction you turned the shaft (CW or CCW).
Selecting the DC Motor
We used a 12v 50:1 DC gear motor. The reason for the gearing ratio is so that we don’t have to crank the motor at 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM) to generate the power we need. Motors are rated for certain voltages and will give you the RPM for those voltages. Sometimes you’ll get a current rating as well. If a 12V DC motor turns at 100 RPM and draws 100mA of current, it’s consuming about 1.2W of power. When used as a dynamo, we can expect to generate something close to 1W when turning the motor at 100RPM. Basically, a motor rated for 60-120 RPM at your desired output voltage is good for hand cranked applications, higher RPM ratings are good for use in bike driven applications.
Determine the Polarity
This is a bit tricky; you’ll get different results depending on which way you turn the motor shaft. Measure the voltage across the terminals while turning the motor in the desired direction (I chose clockwise because it’s like winding up a fishing reel). Label the terminals of the battery positive and negative and mark which direction you turned the shaft (CW or CCW).
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