Question

What is a matter? Explain all 5 types of matter.

Answer 1

Hi friend,

Matter is something that occupies space and has mass. Everything in this universe is made up of matter. Everything like the food we eat, the clothes we wear.

Mass-Mass is the amount of matter that is present in an object.
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There are five states of matter-

<>Solids
<>Liquids
<>Gases
<>Plasma
<>BEC(Bose-Einstein Condensate)
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Let's discuss about them-:

->SOLIDS

<> They has definite shape because of strong force of attraction between particles of solid. So they maintain there shape.

<>Solids are incompressible- Solids can't be compressed easily because as the molecules are closely packed so there is no space left between them. But the question arises that why the sponge can be compressed easily, it is also a solid?. We can compress sponge easily because air particles are present between the pores present in sponge so when we compress it the air comes out and thus the sponge compresses.

<>Solids have high melting/boiling point- Solids have high melting and boiling point because of strong forces of attraction between particles of solids.

<>Solids can't flow- As the molecules of solids are tightly packed so they can't flow.

<>Diffusion is very very low- As the forces of cohesion is strong so solids didn't diffuse easily.

->LIQUIDS-

<>Liquids don't have a definite shape-Because of less force of attraction between molecules of liquids.

<>Diffuses easily comparatively to solids- Because of less force of attractions the molecules of particles move faster than solids so they Diffuse easily.

<>The boiling and melting point of liquids is lower than solids- Because of weaker forces of cohesion.

<>Compressibility is higher than solids- Because liquids have spaces present between them.

<>Liquids can flow- Because particles of water can move here and there in the bulk.

->GASES

<>They have very high compressibility- Because gases have very large intermolecular spaces between them.

<>They fill the vessel in which it is kept as they can move anywhere easily.

<>They don't have fixed shape and volume- Because of weaker force of attraction.

<>Very high rate of diffusion-Because particles of gases can move anywhere so they have high rate or diffusion.

<>They can flow because of absence of cohesive force between them.

PLASMA- It is the fourth state of matter. Plasma can occur when matter is heated to very high temperature. At such high temperature one or more e- are freed from the attraction of nucleus. Matter in plasma state is very energetic. The ionised gas with equal number of +ve and - ve charges is Plasma. It exists in stars and sun due to high temperature. CFL contains Plasma. These filled with AR and Hg vapour.

Bose-Einstein Condensate-In the year 1920, a scientist named SATYENDRA NATH BOSE discovered fifth state of matter. And then ALBERT EINSTIEN further corroborated his idea and discovered a new state BEC. BEC is a gaseous fluid formed by atoms that are cooled down to temperature near to zero. Under this situation the atoms of the matter Condensate into the lowest state, producing a superfluid.

Hope it helps.....

Answer 2

MATTER :- anything occupies space and has a mass is known as matter.
the examples of matter are iron, wood (solid), water (liquid), Air ( gas ).

CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER :-

★ matter is made up of tiny particles.

★ particles of matter attract each other.

★ particles of matter have spaces between them.

★ particles of matter are constantly moving.

STATES OF MATTER :-

★ SOLID :-

1) solid have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.

2) solid cannot be compressed.

3) solids have high density.

4) force of attraction between the particles is very strong.

5) The space between the particles of solids is negligible.

★ liquid ;-

1) liquid have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.

2) liquids can be compressed. large pressure is required to compress them.

3) liquids have lesser densities than solids.

4) intermolecular forces of attraction is weaker than solids.

5) they have considerable space between the particles.

★ GAS :-

1) gases have neither a fixed shape, nor a fixed volume.

2) gases can be compressed easily.

3) gases have the least density amoung the three.

4) intermolecular forces of attraction is weakest.

5) the space between the gas particles is large.

★ PLASMA :-

1) Plasma has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

2) Plasma often is seen in ionized gases.

3) Plasma is distinct from a gas because it possesses unique properties. Free electrical charges (not bound to atoms or ions) cause plasma to be electrically conductive.

4) Plasma may be formed by heating and ionizing a gas.

5) examples of plasma are :- Stars, lightning, also inside the fluorescent lights plasma is present.

★ BOSE - EINSTEIN CONDENSATE ( BEC ) :-

1) Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose had done some calculations for a fifth state of matter.

2) Building on his calculations, Albert Einstein predicted a new state of matter – the Bose- Einstein Condensate (BEC).

3) BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density.

4) Bose-Einstein condensate refers to the collapse of atoms into a single quantum state.

5) It is found at low temperatures when atoms are not able to move at all.

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BEST OF LUCK ;)

#akashmandal.