What is a maximum oxidation state of a element ?
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The highest possible state for the nonmetals is equal to the total number of electrons present in the valence (outermost) shell of the atom with a plus sign. Thus, the maximum oxidation states of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine are +5 (as in HNO3), +6 (as in H2SO4) and +7 ( as in HClO4) respectively.
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Maximum oxidation state: +V Minimum oxidation state -III. This does have a general quantum chemical explanation. These oxidation States add up to eight, which is exactly the number of electrons that typically make up the outer (valence) shell - where chemistry happen.
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