what is a soap how can you make soap in the laboratory
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a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and colouring added
PROCEDURE TO MAKE SOAP:
Put on your lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles.
Place 10 mL of coconut oil and 15 mL of 3-M sodium hydroxide solution into a 100-mL beaker.
Using a hotplate or a low-flame Bunsen burner, heat the mixture to a gentle boil.
Use the wire gauze to stabilize the beaker on the hotplate if it is the kind with a spiral heating coil.
Stir constantly. Avoid spattering of the sodium hydroxide solution by using gentle heating and by stirring constantly.
Boil for 20 minutes, or until all of the water has evaporated.
Carefully remove this beaker from the heat and allow it to cool.
Using the pH paper, test the pH of the crude soap.
For steps where the soap is still a liquid, the pH can be measured by simply dipping the pH paper into the liquid. Follow the instructions on the pH paper package to interpret the results.
For steps where the soap is a solid, it may be wet enough to just rub the pH paper against the soap. If it is not, then add 3-5 drops of water and then rub the pH paper onto these soap-water drops. Follow the instructions on the pH paper package to interpret the results.
If you are unfamiliar with what the pH scale is or what it means, read the Science Buddies guide to Acids, Bases, & the pH Scale.
Record the pH in your lab notebook. Call it Crude soap.
Add 15 mL of distilled water to the soap mixture and stir it with a stirring rod.
Heat 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution in a 100-mL beaker until it is almost boiling.
If you are starting with solid sodium chloride (rather than liquid), weigh 15 g of sodium chloride and put it in a 100-mL beaker.
Add 50 mL of water and stir until dissolved.
Heat the salt solution until it is almost boiling.
Add the hot sodium chloride solution to the soap mixture. Use a hot pad or oven mitt, as needed.
Break up lumps of soap with a clean stirring rod.
Cover the beaker containing the soap mixture with cheesecloth and pour the liquid into a clear plastic cup. This is called decanting the liquid.
Cheesecloth is made of a very fine mesh allowing for the excess liquid to drain out while retaining all the solids. The solids are the soap.
You want to keep the material left in the beaker after you decant the liquid. Those solids are the soap.
Measure the pH of the soap with a new pH paper. See step 7b for instructions on how to measure the pH of solid soap.
Record the pH in your lab notebook. Call it Washed 1 time.
Repeat steps 9–14 two more times.
Record the pH after each wash. Call the pH readings Washed 2 times and Washed 3 times.
Add three drops of peppermint oil to the soap.
Press the soap between two pieces of filter paper to remove as much liquid as possible.
Press the soap into the soap mold and dry it overnight.
Measure and record the pH reading of the dried soap. Call the pH reading Final product.
If the Final product pH reading is between 6 and 10, the soap is considered safe to use. If this is the case, take the soap out of the mold and confirm its ability to produce suds by washing your hands with it. Did the procedure successfully convert fat into soap?
Record you observations about the color, odor, and texture of the soap in your lab notebook.
Perform the entire procedure two more times with clean and fresh materials to collect additional data and to demonstrate that your results are repeatable.
HOPE U LIKE MY ANSWER
THANK YOU
PROCEDURE TO MAKE SOAP:
Put on your lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles.
Place 10 mL of coconut oil and 15 mL of 3-M sodium hydroxide solution into a 100-mL beaker.
Using a hotplate or a low-flame Bunsen burner, heat the mixture to a gentle boil.
Use the wire gauze to stabilize the beaker on the hotplate if it is the kind with a spiral heating coil.
Stir constantly. Avoid spattering of the sodium hydroxide solution by using gentle heating and by stirring constantly.
Boil for 20 minutes, or until all of the water has evaporated.
Carefully remove this beaker from the heat and allow it to cool.
Using the pH paper, test the pH of the crude soap.
For steps where the soap is still a liquid, the pH can be measured by simply dipping the pH paper into the liquid. Follow the instructions on the pH paper package to interpret the results.
For steps where the soap is a solid, it may be wet enough to just rub the pH paper against the soap. If it is not, then add 3-5 drops of water and then rub the pH paper onto these soap-water drops. Follow the instructions on the pH paper package to interpret the results.
If you are unfamiliar with what the pH scale is or what it means, read the Science Buddies guide to Acids, Bases, & the pH Scale.
Record the pH in your lab notebook. Call it Crude soap.
Add 15 mL of distilled water to the soap mixture and stir it with a stirring rod.
Heat 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution in a 100-mL beaker until it is almost boiling.
If you are starting with solid sodium chloride (rather than liquid), weigh 15 g of sodium chloride and put it in a 100-mL beaker.
Add 50 mL of water and stir until dissolved.
Heat the salt solution until it is almost boiling.
Add the hot sodium chloride solution to the soap mixture. Use a hot pad or oven mitt, as needed.
Break up lumps of soap with a clean stirring rod.
Cover the beaker containing the soap mixture with cheesecloth and pour the liquid into a clear plastic cup. This is called decanting the liquid.
Cheesecloth is made of a very fine mesh allowing for the excess liquid to drain out while retaining all the solids. The solids are the soap.
You want to keep the material left in the beaker after you decant the liquid. Those solids are the soap.
Measure the pH of the soap with a new pH paper. See step 7b for instructions on how to measure the pH of solid soap.
Record the pH in your lab notebook. Call it Washed 1 time.
Repeat steps 9–14 two more times.
Record the pH after each wash. Call the pH readings Washed 2 times and Washed 3 times.
Add three drops of peppermint oil to the soap.
Press the soap between two pieces of filter paper to remove as much liquid as possible.
Press the soap into the soap mold and dry it overnight.
Measure and record the pH reading of the dried soap. Call the pH reading Final product.
If the Final product pH reading is between 6 and 10, the soap is considered safe to use. If this is the case, take the soap out of the mold and confirm its ability to produce suds by washing your hands with it. Did the procedure successfully convert fat into soap?
Record you observations about the color, odor, and texture of the soap in your lab notebook.
Perform the entire procedure two more times with clean and fresh materials to collect additional data and to demonstrate that your results are repeatable.
HOPE U LIKE MY ANSWER
THANK YOU
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