what is a solar system
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The Solar System[a] is the gravitationally bound planetary system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly.[b] Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets,[c] with the remainder being smaller objects, such as the five dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.[d]
Solar System
A representative image of the Solar System with sizes, but not distances, to scale
The Sun and planets
(distances not to scale)
Age
4.568 billion years
Location
Local Interstellar Cloud, Local Bubble,
Orion–Cygnus Arm, Milky Way
System mass
1.0014 Solar masses
Nearest star
Proxima Centauri (4.25 ly)
Alpha Centauri (4.37 ly)
Nearest known planetary system
Proxima Centauri system (4.25 ly)
Semi-major axis of outer known planet (Neptune)
30.10 AU (4.503 billion km)
Distance to Kuiper cliff
50 AU
Populations
Stars
1 (Sun)
Known planets
8 (MercuryVenusEarthMars
JupiterSaturnUranusNeptune)
Known dwarf planets
Possibly several hundred;[1]
five currently recognized by the IAU
(CeresPlutoHaumeaMakemakeEris)
Known natural satellites
525
(185 planetary[2]347 minor planetary[3])
Known minor planets
778,897 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]
Known comets
4,017 (as of 2018-06-21)[4]
Identified rounded satellites
19
Invariable-to-galactic plane inclination
60.19° (ecliptic)
Distance to Galactic Center
27,000 ± 1,000 ly
Orbital speed
220 km/s
Orbital period
225–250 Myr
Spectral type
G2V
Frost line
≈5 AU[5]
Distance to heliopause
≈120 AU
Hill sphere radius
≈1–3 ly
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.
The Solar System also contains smaller objects.[e] The asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and beyond them a newly discovered population of sednoids. Within these populations are several dozen to possibly tens of thousands of objects large enough that they have been rounded by their own gravity.[10] Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. Identified dwarf planets include the asteroid Ceres and the trans-Neptunian objects Pluto and Eris.[e] In addition to these two regions, various other small-body populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust clouds, freely travel between regions. Six of the planets, at least four of the dwarf planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural satellites,[f] usually termed "moons" after the Moon. Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other small objects.
The solar wind, a stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the Sun, creates a bubble-like region in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of the interstellar medium; it extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Oort cloud, which is thought to be the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The Solar System is located in the Orion Arm, 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
Answer:
Solar System
The solar system in simple words can be described as the sun and all the objects around it. The solar system is very huge and consists of many objects held together by the gravitational force. The sun is the center and the biggest object in the solar system.
It also consists of eight planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. Let us know more about it in depth.
Planets
Planets are the spherical objects that revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit. The well-known planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Satellites
The objects that revolve around planets are called satellites. For example, the moon revolves around the earth and is called a natural satellite of the earth.
Artificial satellite
Some satellites are made by man and sent to space to get the information about the planets and these are called artificial satellites. Aryabhatta is the first artificial satellite sent by India.
Asteroids
The big chunks of rock or metal that are mostly found orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids in simpler words are heavy bodies of rocks.
Comets
The small irregularly shaped objects made up of ice are referred to as comets. Haley’s comet is an example of a comet which occurs once in 76 years.
Dwarf planets
The spherical objects smaller than planets and larger than asteroids are called dwarf planets. Example: Pluto
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