What is a superfluid in field theoretic terms?
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Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a superfluid forms cellular vorticesthat continue to rotate indefinitely. Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium(helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquified by cooling to cryogenictemperatures. It is also a property of various other exotic states of matter theorized to exist in astrophysics, high-energy physics, and theories of quantum gravity.[1] The phenomenon is related to Bose–Einstein condensation, but neither is a specific type of the other: not all Bose-Einstein condensates can be regarded as superfluids, and not all superfluids are Bose–Einstein condensates.[2] The theory of superfluidity was developed by Lev Landau.
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A superfluid is a phase of matter capable of flowing endlessly without energy loss. This property of certain isotopes was discovered by Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa.
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