What is a type specimen?
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Type specimens form part of biological collections maintained by museums and universities where they can be accessed by other scientists.
Holotype – a single specimen expressly designated as the name-bearing “type” by the original author of the species.
Syntype – one of several specimens in a series of equal rank used to describe the new species where the author has not designated a single holotype. Thus each specimen in the series is known as a syntype (from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated).
Lectotype – a single specimen selected from a group of syntypes and designated as the name-bearing type some time after the original description was published.
Paratype – representative specimen(s), other than the holotype, in the type series referred to in the original description.
Paralectotype – the type specimens remaining after a lectotype is designated.
Neotype – a substitute specimen selected in special circumstances to replace the holotype after the species was first described and the original holotype has been lost or destroyed (e.g. fire, war etc.).
Cotype – no longer used; formerly used for either syntype or paratype.
Allotype – a designated specimen of opposite sex to that of the holotype.
Holotype – a single specimen expressly designated as the name-bearing “type” by the original author of the species.
Syntype – one of several specimens in a series of equal rank used to describe the new species where the author has not designated a single holotype. Thus each specimen in the series is known as a syntype (from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated).
Lectotype – a single specimen selected from a group of syntypes and designated as the name-bearing type some time after the original description was published.
Paratype – representative specimen(s), other than the holotype, in the type series referred to in the original description.
Paralectotype – the type specimens remaining after a lectotype is designated.
Neotype – a substitute specimen selected in special circumstances to replace the holotype after the species was first described and the original holotype has been lost or destroyed (e.g. fire, war etc.).
Cotype – no longer used; formerly used for either syntype or paratype.
Allotype – a designated specimen of opposite sex to that of the holotype.
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The specimen, or each of a set of specimens, on which the description and name of a new species is based.
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