What is a window in GUl ? Name its two most common
parts
Answers
Answer:
A window is a (usually) rectangular portion of the display on a computer monitor that presents its contents (e.g., the contents of a directory, a text file or an image) seemingly independently of the rest of the screen. Windows are one of the elements that comprise a graphical user interface (GUI).
A GUI is a type of human-computer interface (i.e., a system for people to interact with a computer) that uses windows, icons, pull-down menus and a pointer and that can be manipulated by a mouse (and usually to some extent by a keyboard as well). An icon is a small picture or symbol that represents a program (or command), file, directory (also called a folder) or device (such as a hard disk or floppy disk).
The GUI represents a major advance over the command line interface (CLI) of the console, which displays only text (i.e., no images) and is accessed solely by a keyboard. It has made computers much easier to learn and work with, and it has also led to the development of major new applications for them, including desktop publishing and CAD (computer-aided design).
The words window and windows are generic terms and should not be confused with Microsoft Windows (although they sometimes are). The latter is the trade name that Microsoft selected for its series of operating systems that employ a GUI. (The originally intended name was Interface Manager, but Microsoft's marketing expert Rowland Hanson convinced co-founder Bill Gates that Microsoft Windows was preferable).
Flexibility of Windows
A major feature of windows is the ability to be manipulated easily and intuitively (i.e., with little or no instruction) even by inexperienced users. The ways in which they can be manipulated usually include (1) opening (such as by clicking on an icon and starting an application program) and closing, (2) moving to any area of the screen by dragging (i.e., moving by placing the pointer over the window and moving the mouse with a button held down), (3) repositioning so that they appear to be behind or in front of other windows or objects on the screen, (4) adjusting size (i.e., horizontal and/or vertical dimensions) and (5) scrolling to any section of the window contents (by using scroll bars along the bottom and right edges, the mouse wheel or keyboard commands).
The size of most windows can be adjusted over a wide range including full screen, a fraction of the screen and more than the full screen. In the latter case, the desired section of the window can be viewed by moving the window to expose it. Windows can also be minimized, which results in their being replaced by an icon and/or their name, usually in a strip along the bottom of the screen, without actually closing the underlying application program.
This flexibility is made possible by the various parts which can constitute a window. They include frames, vertical and horizontal scrollbars, drag strips (usually along the top for dragging the entire window and along the other edges and lower corners for changing window size), buttons (for closing, maximizing and minimizing) and tabs (for moving among pages in a window).
Multiple Windows
Another major feature of windows is the ability for multiple windows to be open simultaneously. This is particularly valuable in a multitasking environment, i.e., an operating system in which multiple programs can run seemingly simultaneously and without interfering with each other. Each window can display a different application, or it can display different files that have been opened or created with a single application (e.g., text, image or spreadsheet files).
Moreover, there is a great deal of flexibility with regard to how multiple open windows can be arranged with respect to each other. They can be arranged so that they are contiguous and do not overlap (tiled windows) or so they do overlap (overlaid windows). Overlaid windows resemble a stack of documents lying on top of one another (part of the desktop metaphor that characterizes most GUIs at present), and only the upper-most window is displayed in full. Any window can be moved to the top of the stack and made the active window (i.e., ready for receiving user input) by positioning the pointer in any portion of it that is visible and clicking a mouse button.
When most GUI programs are launched, they open in a single window. There are a number of exceptions, among them The GIMP (an open source image manipulation program comparable to Adobe PhotoShop), which opens in multiple windows, each for a different set of tools or options.
The main limitations on the numbers of windows that can be open simultaneously are system memory and user convenience. Rarely do users find it advantageous to keep open as many windows as the system memory will allow.
Explanation:
Explanation:
They include frames, vertical and horizontal scrollbars, drag strips (usually along the top for dragging the entire window and along the other edges and lower corners for changing window size), buttons (for closing, maximizing and minimizing) and tabs (for moving among pages in a window
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