What Is a Wound Scar? When, Where and Why Does It Appear? What is It Made Up Of?
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Types of Scars
With the exception of very superficial injuries, such as a shallow paper cut, all skin wounds result in some type of scar. However, not every person’s skin forms scar tissue in the same way.
Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
If the skin creates excessive amounts of collagen while it heals, the result is a thick, widened, and sometime raised scar that remains within the boundary of the injury. This is called a hypertrophic scar. Sometimes scar tissue grows over the boundaries of the original wound, creating a puffy, round protrusion called a keloid.
Hypertrophic scars and keloids may be itchy, tender, or painful. These unusual scars may occur as a result of genetics—they sometimes run in families, and typically, if one forms after an injury, it forms after your subsequent injuries, too. But why they form in some people and not others isn’t known.
People may not realize they have a predisposition to hypertrophic scars or keloids until they notice the scars forming as the result of an ear piercing or a tattoo.
Atrophic Scars
Scars may also form as a result of skin trauma caused by acne or burns. Pitted acne scars, also called atrophic scars, may have a sunken appearance that makes the surface of the skin look pocked or uneven. An infection such as the chicken pox can also cause atrophic scars.
Contracture Scars
Burn scars, which are called contracture scars, are often flat and shiny and may cover a large area of skin. Depending on how badly the skin was burned, this type of scar may affect muscle and tissues below the skin.
Stretch Marks
Stretch marks are another type of scar. They develop as a result of rapid skin expansion during pregnancy, weight gain, and growth spurts. Stretch marks may also appear if a wound is located above a joint, such as the knee or elbow, if repeated movement of the skin during healing causes the scar to look elongated or striated.