Question

What is acid and base ?

Answer 1

Answer:

What are Acids and Bases?

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.

Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste. An acid is basically a molecule which can donate an H+ ion and can remain energetically favourable after a loss of H+. Acids are known to turn blue litmus red.

Bases, on the other hand, are characterized by a bitter taste and a slippery texture. A base that can be dissolved in water is referred to as an alkali. When these substances chemically react with acids, they yield salts. Bases are known to turn red litmus blue.

In our everyday lives, we use many compounds which scientists call acids. The orange or grapefruit juice you drink for breakfast contains citric acid (also known as Vitamin C). When milk turns sour, it contains lactic acid. The vinegar used in salad dressing contains acetic acid. According to this a chemical bond is considered as being made up of an acid-base combination. The properties of a molecule, therefore, can be understood by dividing it into acid and base fragments.

Answer 2

${\huge{\star{\underbrace{\tt{\red{Answer}}}}}}{\huge{\star}}$

Acid

Acid are substances which when dissolved in water release H+ ions.

Example - HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 , CH3COOH etc.

Base

Base are substances which when dissolve in water release OH- ions .

Example - NaOH, NH4OH , Ca(OH)2 , KOH etc.

▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

More information

Strong and weak acids and bases

Strong acids are molecular compounds that essentially ionize to completion in aqueous solution, disassociating into H+ ions and the additional anion; there are very few common strong acids. All other acids are "weak acids" that incompletely ionized in aqueous solution. Acids and bases that dissociate completely are said to be strong acids.

Conversely, weak acids such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and weak bases such as ammonia (NH3) dissociate only slightly in water - typically a few percent, depending on their concentration and exist mostly as the undissociated molecules.

• STRONG ACIDS : HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HBr, HI, HClO4
• WEAK ACIDS : All other acids, such as HCN, HF, H2S, HCOOH

Like acids, strong and weak bases are classified by the extent of their ionization. Strong bases disassociate almost or entirely to completion in aqueous solution. Similar to strong acids, there are very few common strong bases. Weak bases are molecular compounds where the ionization is not complete.

• STRONG BASES: The hydroxides of the Group I and Group II metals such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH
• WEAK BASES: All other bases, such as NH3, CH3NH2, C5H5N