Question

what is acid and base​

Answer 1

In 1661 Robert Boyle summarized the properties of acids as follows.

1. Acids have a sour taste.

2. Acids are corrosive.

3. Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes, such as litmus, from blue to red.

4. Acids lose their acidity when they are combined with alkalies.

The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus, which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids.

Examples: Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water. Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid. Milk turns sour when it spoils because lactic acid is formed, and the unpleasant, sour odor of rotten meat or butter can be attributed to compounds such as butyric acid that form when fat spoils.

In 1661 Boyle summarized the properties of alkalies as follows.

Alkalies feel slippery.

Alkalies change the color of litmus from red to blue.

Alkalies become less alkaline when they are combined with acids.

In essence, Boyle defined alkalies as substances that consume, or neutralize, acids. Acids lose their characteristic sour taste and ability to dissolve metals when they are mixed with alkalies. Alkalies even reverse the change in color that occurs when litmus comes in contact with an acid. Eventually alkalies became known as bases because they serve as the "base" for making certain salts.

In 1884 Svante Arrhenius suggested that salts such as NaCl dissociate when they dissolve in water to give particles he called ions.

Three years later Arrhenius extended this theory by suggesting that acids are neutral compounds that ionize when they dissolve in water to give H+ ions and a corresponding negative ion. According to his theory, hydrogen chloride is an acid because it ionizes when it dissolves in water to give hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions as shown in the figure below. H2O+ HCl(g) ——->H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Arrhenius argued that bases are neutral compounds that either dissociate or ionize in water to give OH

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ions and a positive ion. NaOH is an Arrhenius base because it dissociates in water to give the hydroxide.

Answer 2

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Acids:- In a solution, acids have a pH value less than 7.0, it has a sour taste and releases hydroxyl ions in water. Acid turns litmus paper red. Some examples of acid are hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid.


Bases:- In a solution, Bases are substance that in aqueous solution, release hydroxide ions. They are slippery to touch and change the colour of indicators. Some examples of bases are sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.


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