what is adibatic process give its condition .
Prove that
Cp-Cv=R
Answers
Answer:
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process such that there is no heat transfer in or out of the system and is generally obtained by using a strong insulating material surrounding the entire system.
Adiabatic process examples
The vertical flow of air in the atmosphere
When the interstellar gas cloud expands or contracts.
The turbine is an example of the adiabatic process as it uses the heat a source to produce work.
Adiabatic process derivation
The adiabatic process can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics relating to the change in internal energy dU to the work dW done by the system and the heat dQ added to it.
dU=dQ-dW
dQ=0 by definition
Therefore, 0=dQ=dU+dW
The word done dW for the change in volume V by dV is given as PdV.
The first term is specific heat which is defined as the heat added per unit temperature change per mole of a substance. The heat that is added increases the internal energy U such that it justifies the definition of specific heat at constant volume is given as:
Cv=dUdT1n
Where,
n: number of moles
Therefore, 0=nCvdT+PdV (eq.1)
From the ideal gas law, we have
nRT=PV (eq.2)
Therefore, nRdT=PdV+VdP (eq.3)
By combining the equation 1. And equation 2, we get
−PdV=nCvdT=CvR(PdV+VdP) 0=(1+CvR)PdV+CvRVdP 0=R+CvCv(dVV)+dPP
When the heat is added at constant pressure Cp, we have
Cp=Cv+R 0=γ(dVV)+dPP
Where the specific heat ɣ is given as:
γ≡CpCv
From calculus, we have, d(lnx)=dxx 0=γd(lnV)+d(lnP) 0=d(γlnV+lnP)=d(lnPVγ) PVγ=constant
Hence, the equation is true for an adiabatic process in an ideal gas.