Question

What is an artificial satellite called? Formula established for its orbital speed and total energy​

Answer 1

Answer:

an artificial satellite is also called an Earth satellite. The orbital speed can be found using v = SQRT(G*M/R). The R value (radius of orbit) is the earth's radius plus the height above the earth - in this case, 6.59 x 106 m.

total energy=E=2RGMm−(RGMm)

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Answer 2

Artificial satellites can be of the following two types:

• Geostationary artificial satellites: These satellites complete one revolution around the earth in 24 hours. They are at the same position relative to their position on the earth surface.
• Polar satellites: These revolve around the earth surface around the poles. Their path is from north pole to south pole.

Let us consider the following:

Mass of earth = M , Mass of satellite = m, G is universal gravitational constant, v is the orbital velocity, r is the orbital radius.

If the satellite once kept in its orbit keeps revolving in it then the net force on it must be zero

Two forces are acting on it , the Gravitational pull of the earth and the centifugal force

Gravitational force (F₁) = $\frac{GMm}{r^{2} }$

Centrifugal force(F₂) = $\frac{mv^{2} }{r}$

Net forcing acting on it is zero,

F₁ = F₂

$\frac{GMm}{r^{2} }$ = $\frac{mv^{2} }{r}$

$v^{2}$ = $\frac{GM}{r}$

v = $\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r} }$

Total energy = Kinetic energy + Potential Energy

E = $\frac{1}{2} mv^{2}$ + ($\frac{-GMm}{r}$)

E = $\frac{1}{2} m\frac{GM}{r}$ + $\frac{-GMm}{r}$

E = $\frac{-GMm}{2r}$

Therefore, the orbital velocity of the satellite is $\sqrt{\frac{GM}{r} }$ and the total energy  $\frac{-GMm}{2r}$.