What is an electric dipole? Give the definition of dipole moment. Obtain the formula for electric field intensity at a point on the axial line due to an electric dipole.
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Answer:
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI units for electric dipole moment are coulomb-meter (Cā m); however, a commonly used unit in atomic physics and chemistry is the debye (D).
Theoretically, an electric dipole is defined by the first-order term of the multipole expansion; it consists of two equal and opposite charges that are infinitesimally close together. This is unrealistic, as real dipoles have separated charge.[1] However, when making a measurement at a distance that is much larger than the charge separation, the error introduced by treating real dipoles like they are theoretically perfect becomes negligible. By definition, the dipole's direction points from the negative charge towards the positive charge