Question

What is an operating system? what are its different functions. what are the security requirement of an operating system?

Answer 1

• An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API).

• Operating system performs the following functions:

1. Booting

Booting is a process of starting the computer operating system starts the computer to work. It checks the computer and makes it ready to work.

2. Memory Management

It is also an important function of operating system. The memory cannot be managed without operating system. Different programs and data execute in memory at one time. if there is no operating system, the programs may mix with each other. The system will not work properly.

3. Loading and Execution

A program is loaded in the memory before it can be executed. Operating system provides the facility to load programs in memory easily and then execute it.

4. Data security

Data is an important part of computer system. The operating system protects the data stored on the computer from illegal use, modification or deletion.

5. Disk Management

Operating system manages the disk space. It manages the stored files and folders in a proper way.

6. Process Management

CPU can perform one task at one time. if there are many tasks, operating system decides which task should get the CPU.

7. Device Controlling

operating system also controls all devices attached to computer. The hardware devices are controlled with the help of small software called device drivers.

8. Printing controlling

Operating system also controls printing function. It a user issues two print commands at a time, it does not mix data of these files and prints them separately.

9. Providing interface

It is used in order that user interface acts with a computer mutually. User interface controls how you input data and instruction and how information is displayed on screen. The operating system offers two types of the interface to the user:

1. Graphical-line interface: It interacts with of visual environment to communicate with the computer. It uses windows, icons, menus and other graphical objects to issues commands.

2. Command-line interface: it provides an interface to communicate with the computer by typing commands.

• Operating system security (OS security) is the process of ensuring OS integrity, confidentiality and availability. OS security refers to specified steps or measures used to protect the OS from threats, viruses, worms, malware or remote hacker intrusions.

Answer 2

              Operating system

Operating system is a system software that manages the software resources, Hardware devices and provides the common application services for computer system. Operating system installs the connection between Humans and Computers. Because of operating system only, we can perform work and give instructions to the computer.

In short, Operating system is a system software that creates the interface between computer and user. Operating system helps us to communicate with computers without knowing their language. It is not easy to use a computer system, mobile, TV any digital device without having operating system in it.

Operating system provides common services to computer system like File search, Calculator, Various in built apps, Word, Powerpoint and excel etc. Due to which, it becomes easy to use a computer system. If we use a computer system without OS, then we will just seeing Binary codes on our screen. Which aren't easy to get understood.

Features of Operating system:

• Resource the allocation of memory
• Protects the information and data inside the computer system
• Manages the memory
• Virtual multitasking
• Program execution
• Allows computer system with network
• Installs the connection between User and Computer.

Functions of Operating system:

• Memory Management
• File Management
• Device Management
• I/O management
• Networking
• Security
• Processor Management
• Secondary storage management
• Common interpretation

Types of Operating system:

• Multiprocessing OS
• Multitasking OS
• Batch OS
• Mobile OS
• Network OS
• Distributed OS
• Real Time OS

What is 32 Bit and 64 Bit ?

32 Bits system can handle ram only 3.2 GB of ram. 32 Bits system processes the data simultaneously and output in given in seconds. This systems required 32 bit CPU and OS.

64 Bits systems can handle ram upto 17 Billion GB. This systems processes the data in the bit of second. This are very simultaneous systems. This systems 64 bit CPU and OS.

Popular Operating systems for computer system:

• Windows - Versions: Windows 10, 8, 7, XP, 98...
• Apple OS - Versions: Mojave, Catalina, Mac OS X
• Linux - Versions - Red Hat, KDE....
• Ubuntu
• Chrome OS
• Fedora