what is antibiotic how are the product give two example of this
Answers
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You’ve most likely taken an antibiotic at least once in your lifetime. From treatments for painful strep throat or ear infections as a child, to burning urinary tract infections or itchy skin infections as an adult, antibiotics are one of the most highly utilized and important medication classes we have in medicine.
Understanding the vast world of antibiotics and anti-infectives is no easy task. Anti-infectives are a large class of drugs that cover a broad range of infections, including fungal, viral, bacterial, and even protozoal infections. Athletes foot? That’s a common fungal infection. HIV? Antiviral medications are always needed. Bladder infection? Yes, that may need a common antibiotic. And head lice? A topical anti-parasitic can alleviate the itching. There is no one type of antibiotic that cures every infection. Antibiotics specifically treat infections caused by bacteria, such as Staph., Strep., or E. coli., and either kill the bacteria (bactericidal) or keep it from reproducing and growing (bacteriostatic). Antibiotics do not work against any viral infection.
When To Use AntibioticsAntibiotics are specific for the type of bacteria being treated and, in general, cannot be interchanged from one infection to another. When antibiotics are used correctly, they are usually safe with few side effects.
However, as with most drugs, antibiotics can lead to side effects that may range from being a nuisance to serious or life-threatening. In infants and the elderly, in patients with kidney or liver disease, in pregnant or breastfeeding women, and in many other patient groups antibiotic doses may need to be adjusted based upon the specific characteristics of the patient, like kidney or liver function, weight, or age. Drug interactions can also be common with antibiotics. Health care providers are able to assess each patient individually to determine the correct antibiotic and dose.
When NOT To Use AntibioticsAntibiotics are not the correct choice for all infections. For example, most sore throats, cough and colds, flu or acute sinusitis are viral in origin (not bacterial) and do not need an antibiotic. These viral infections are “self-limiting”, meaning that your own immune system will usually kick in and fight the virus off. In fact, using antibiotics for viral infections can increase the risk for antibiotic resistance, lower the options for future treatments if an antibiotic is needed, and put a patient at risk for side effects and extra cost due to unnecessary drug treatment.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria cannot be fully inhibited or killed by an antibiotic, even though the antibiotic may have worked effectively before the resistance occurred. Don't share your antibiotic or take medicine that was prescribed for someone else, and don't save an antibiotic to use the next time you get sick.
To better understand antibiotics, it’s best to break them down into common infections, common antibiotics, and the top antibiotic classes as searched on in Drugs.com:
Top 10 List of Common Infections Treated with Antibiotics:AcneBronchitisConjunctivitis (Pink Eye)Otitis Media (Ear Infection)Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s)Skin or Soft Tissue InfectionStreptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)Traveler’s diarrheaUpper Respiratory Tract InfectionUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)Top 10 List of Generic Antibiotics:amoxicillindoxycyclinecephalexinciprofloxacinclindamycinmetronidazoleazithromycinsulfamethoxazole/trimethoprimamoxicillin/clavulanatelevofloxacinTop 10 List of Brand Name Antibiotics:AugmentinFlagyl, Flagyl ERAmoxilCiproKeflexBactrim, Bactrim DSLevaquinZithromaxAveloxCleocinTop 10 List of Antibiotic Classes (Types of Antibiotics):PenicillinsTetracyclinesCephalosporinsQuinolonesLincomycinsMacrolidesSulfonamidesGlycopeptidesAminoglycosidesCarbapenems