what is aqua regia please why it is easily react with gold
Answers
Explanation:
Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. This mixture was given its name (literally, “royal water”) by the alchemists because of its ability to dissolve gold and other so-called noble metals.
The primary use of aqua regia is for the production of chloroauric acid, the electrolyte in the Wohlwill process for refining gold. Although gold is typically an inert metal, it will dissolve in aqua regia because of the unique action of nitric and hydrochloric acid. Nitric acid is a powerful oxidising agent, capable of converting small amounts of gold to its ionic form, Au3+. Once this ionic form is present in the solution, the hydrochloric acid provides a source of chlorine anions which react with the gold cations to form tetrachloroaurate(III) anions. As the reaction with hydrochloric acid is an equilibrium reaction favouring the formation of chloroaurate anions (AuCl4-), the gold ions are removed from solution making room for more oxidation to occur. And as the solution is so acidic, the chloroaurate anions are swiftly protonated to form chloroauric acid. Using this method, it is possible to produce gold with a purity of 99.999%. Its reactivity and strength means aqua regia can also dissolve platinum in a similar way.
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