Question

What is atmospheric refraction ? Use this phenomenon to explain the following natural events.
(a) Twinkling of stars
(b) Advanced sun-rise and delayed sun-set. Draw diagrams to illustrate your answers.​

Answer 1

a) Twinkling of stars: Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction of star light. The star light after entering the earth's atmosphere undergoes refraction in a continuous manner before it reaches the Earth. The atmospheric refraction is due to change in the refractive index at different level in atmosphere.

Answer 2

Answer:

Atmospheric Refraction

• The refraction of light by the Earth’s atmosphere is known as atmospheric refraction. The earth’s atmosphere is not evenly distributed and is optically denser at the bottom while is rarer at the top.

(a) In reality stars do not twinkle but it appears to twinkle when seen from the surface of the Earth.

Twinkling of stars take place due to atmospheric refraction. In simple terms, twinkling of stars is caused by the passing of light through different layers. These layers have different densities and temperatures. Due to this, light rays bent (refracted) many times in random direction. 

As a result stars appear to twinkle. 

(b)The advance sunrise and sunset occurs due to phenomenon of atmospheric refraction. The Sun is visible to us before 2 minutes in sunrise and 2 minutes after the sunset. The actual sunrise mean the time when the sun crosses the horizon. This occurs due to refraction of light which passes through various layers of atmosphere. 

Explanation:

see diagram in image

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