What is Avogadros hypothesis?
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Avogadro's hypothesis states that two samples of gas of equal volume, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. Avogadro's hypothesis allows chemists to predict the behavior of ideal gasses. Amedeo Avogadro made the hypothesis in 1811 in an essay submitted to Journal de Physique. Elaborating on this hypothesis, he asserted the volume of a gas is not dependent on the size or mass of the molecules of the gas. Avogadro's hypothesis was applied in Avogadro's law to show that the volume of a gas (V) is equal to a constant (k) times the number of moles of gas (n), or V=kn.
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Avogadro's Hypothesis:
Two equal volumes of gas, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules.
Avogadro's Law:
At a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of that gas.
This equation of V1 ÷ n1 = V2 ÷ n2 will be very helpful in solving Avogadro's Law problems.
The combination of Boyle's law, Charles' Law, and Avogadro's hypothesis gives the ideal gas law
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V the volume, n the number of moles of gas, R the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
For many reasons, Avogadro's hypothesis was ignored for about 50 years. For example, scientists such as Dalton (who was specifically mentioned in Avogadro's memoir) were threatened by the possibility that many of their atomic weights were incorrect. Avogadro's hypothesis was not accepted until Cannizzaro convincingly presented a system of atomic weights around 1858-1860 based on Avogadro's hypothesis.
Avogadro's Hypothesis:
Two equal volumes of gas, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules.
Avogadro's Law:
At a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of that gas.
This equation of V1 ÷ n1 = V2 ÷ n2 will be very helpful in solving Avogadro's Law problems.
The combination of Boyle's law, Charles' Law, and Avogadro's hypothesis gives the ideal gas law
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V the volume, n the number of moles of gas, R the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
For many reasons, Avogadro's hypothesis was ignored for about 50 years. For example, scientists such as Dalton (who was specifically mentioned in Avogadro's memoir) were threatened by the possibility that many of their atomic weights were incorrect. Avogadro's hypothesis was not accepted until Cannizzaro convincingly presented a system of atomic weights around 1858-1860 based on Avogadro's hypothesis.
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