What is AWGN -(Additive white Gaussian noise-)?
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Additive white Gaussian noise is a basic noise model used in Information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics: Additive because it is added to any noise that might be intrinsic to the information system.
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Additive White Gaussian Noise
A basic and generally accepted model for thermal noise in communication channels, is the set of assumptions that
the noise is additive, i.e., the received signal equals the transmit signal plus some noise, where the noise is statisticaly independent of the signal.
the noise is white, i.e, the power spectral density is flat, so the autocorrelation of the noise in time domain is zero for any non-zero time offset.
the noise samples have a Gaussian distribution.
Mostly it is also assumed that the channel is Linear and Time Invariant. The most basic results further asume that it is also frequency non-selective.
Optimal signal detection in AWGN LTI channel
The theory for signal transmission over AWGN LTI channels is very well developed and covered in many excellent text books. Many fundamental theorems in signal detection theory have been deveoped during World War II, to improve and automate the radar detection of enemy airplanes and ships. The theory of the matched filter receiver is of particular interest. The concept was introduced by D.O. North with the RCA labs in Princeton, in 1943.
Figure: possible implementation of a matched filter receiver. The signal is multiplied by a locally stored reference copy and integrated over time (correlation).
The matched filter correlates the incoming signal with a locally stored reference copy of the transmit waveform. The matched filter maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for a known signal. It can be shown to be the optimal detector if
the channel produces Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN),
the channel is linear and time-invariant (LTI), and
an exact time reference is available, the signal amplitude as a function of time is precisely known.
A basic and generally accepted model for thermal noise in communication channels, is the set of assumptions that
the noise is additive, i.e., the received signal equals the transmit signal plus some noise, where the noise is statisticaly independent of the signal.
the noise is white, i.e, the power spectral density is flat, so the autocorrelation of the noise in time domain is zero for any non-zero time offset.
the noise samples have a Gaussian distribution.
Mostly it is also assumed that the channel is Linear and Time Invariant. The most basic results further asume that it is also frequency non-selective.
Optimal signal detection in AWGN LTI channel
The theory for signal transmission over AWGN LTI channels is very well developed and covered in many excellent text books. Many fundamental theorems in signal detection theory have been deveoped during World War II, to improve and automate the radar detection of enemy airplanes and ships. The theory of the matched filter receiver is of particular interest. The concept was introduced by D.O. North with the RCA labs in Princeton, in 1943.
Figure: possible implementation of a matched filter receiver. The signal is multiplied by a locally stored reference copy and integrated over time (correlation).
The matched filter correlates the incoming signal with a locally stored reference copy of the transmit waveform. The matched filter maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for a known signal. It can be shown to be the optimal detector if
the channel produces Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN),
the channel is linear and time-invariant (LTI), and
an exact time reference is available, the signal amplitude as a function of time is precisely known.
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