Question

what is azeotropes ? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Azeotrope, in chemistry, a mixture of liquids that has a constant boiling point because the vapour has the same composition as the liquid mixture. The boiling point of an azeotropic mixture may be higher or lower than that of any of its components.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

An azeotrope is a mixture of two (or more) chemicals with one interesting property: the mixture of compounds distills without separating. Let's keep things simple and talk about a binary azeotrope, one made of only two chemicals.

In a typical distillation, you can separate materials by boiling point. Let's take a mixture of methanol and water- they don't form an azeotrope. So if you distill a 1:1 mixture of methanol and water, first the methanol will distill off (B.P. 65°C). Then, when the methanol is all gone the water will start to distill off (B.P. 100°C). In between, there will be some distillate that has a little bit of both compounds.

In an azeotrope, the mixture of compound has a lower boiling point than either pure compound. For this, let's consider a 1:1 mixture of isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) and water. Isopropanol has a boiling point of 82.5°C. Compared to water's boiling point of 100°C, we would expect the isopropanol to distill off, followed by water. But this isn't what happens.

Instead, when you boil a mixture of isopropanol and water, the azeotrope is what distills off first. Instead of isopropanol or water distilling off separating, a mixture of 88% isopropanol and 12% water boils off at 80.4°C- that's a lower boiling point than either water or isopropanol! This mixture will continue to distill off (always 88% isopropanol and 12% water) until all the isopropanol is consumed, and then the water will distill off as normal. It's worth noting that the only reason the isopropanol is consumed first is because we start off with a 1:1 mixture and boil off more isopropanol in the azeotrope. If we started with 88% isopropanol and 12% water, the whole thing would boil off as the azeotrope. If we started with more than 88% isopropanol, the azeotrope would boil off until the water was consumed, and then the isopropanol would distill off as normal.

That's the general explanation of what an azeotrope is: a mixture of compounds in a fixed ratio and boils at a lower temperature than any of the pure constituent chemicals. It's a simple phenomenon, but results in some weird chemistry. In my own work, it has been either really helpful or extremely annoying, depending on the day.