What is basic principle and their application of electrical method of applied geophysics?
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The electrical geophysical methods are used to determine the electrical resistivity of the earth's subsurface. Thus, electrical methods are employed for those applications in which a knowledge of resistivity or the resistivity distribution will solve or shed light on the problem at hand. The resolution, depth, and areal extent of investigation are functions of the particular electrical method employed. Once resistivity data have been acquired, the resistivity distribution of the subsurface can be interpreted in terms of soil characteristics and/or rock type and geological structure. Resistivity data are usually integrated with other geophysical results and with surface and subsurface geological data to arrive at an interpretation.
Electrical methods can be broadly classified into two groups: those using a controlled (human-generated) energy source and those using naturally occurring electrical or electromagnetic energy as a source. The controlled source methods are most commonly used for shallow investigations, from characterizing surficial materials to investigating resistivities down to depths as great as 1 to 2 km2,000 m
6,561.68 ft
78,740.2 in, although greater depths of investigation are possible with some techniques and under some conditions. The natural source methods are applicable from depths of tens of meters to great depths well beyond those of interest to hydrocarbon development.
Possible applications of electrical methods for the development geologist range from the investigation of soil contaminants and the monitoring of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects to reservoir delineation and the evaluation of geological stratigraphy and structure. The application of electrical methods has been primarily confined to the onshore environment. The offshore use of some techniques is possible, particularly for permafrost delineation and shallow marine geotechnical investigations.
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The electrical geophysical methods are used to determine the electrical resistivity of the earth's subsurface. Thus, electrical methods are employed for those applications in which a knowledge of resistivity or the resistivity distribution will solve or shed light on the problem at hand. The resolution, depth, and areal extent of investigation are functions of the particular electrical method employed. Once resistivity data have been acquired, the resistivity distribution of the subsurface can be interpreted in terms of soil characteristics and/or rock type and geological structure. Resistivity data are usually integrated with other geophysical results and with surface and subsurface geological data to arrive at an interpretation.
Electrical methods can be broadly classified into two groups: those using a controlled (human-generated) energy source and those using naturally occurring electrical or electromagnetic energy as a source. The controlled source methods are most commonly used for shallow investigations, from characterizing surficial materials to investigating resistivities down to depths as great as 1 to 2 km2,000 m
6,561.68 ft
78,740.2 in, although greater depths of investigation are possible with some techniques and under some conditions. The natural source methods are applicable from depths of tens of meters to great depths well beyond those of interest to hydrocarbon development.
Possible applications of electrical methods for the development geologist range from the investigation of soil contaminants and the monitoring of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects to reservoir delineation and the evaluation of geological stratigraphy and structure. The application of electrical methods has been primarily confined to the onshore environment. The offshore use of some techniques is possible, particularly for permafrost delineation and shallow marine geotechnical investigations.
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Magnetotellurics (MTmiddle tubing) is an electrical method of geophysical exploration that makes use of naturally occurring electromagnetic energy propagating into the earth to determine the electrical resistivity of the subsurface.
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