what is beta decay ? which force is function of it ?
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There are three modes of beta decay, emission of an electron, accompanied with a simultaneous emission of an anti-neutrino. This happens when a neutron bound inside a nucleus, transmutes into a proton bound within the nucleus, alongwith a simultaneous creation of an electron and an anti-neutrino, and both being ejected out of the nucleus. Since a free neutron is slightly heavier than a free proton, a free neutron can also undergo this decay. The electron emitted in this decay mode has a continuous distribution of energy and momentum, ranging from zero to a maximum value determined by the kinematics of the decay mode.
Another beta decay mode is the emission of a positron by a radioactive nucleus, accompanied with a simultaneous emission of a neutrino. This happens when a bound proton in a nucleus transmutes into a neutron, with a simultaneous creation of a positron and a neutrino, the latter two being ejected from within the nucleus. This decay mode is only possible, if the difference in the masses of the parent nucleus and the daughter nucleus is ≥ 1.022 MeV (twice the rest mass energy of the electron). The positron is also emitted with a continuous distribution of available energy.
The third mode of decay is electron capture. This mode of decay occurs when the difference of masses if the parent nucleus and the daughter nucleus < 1.022 MeV, so that positron emission is not possible and yet the mass of the parent nucleus is more than that the daughter. In this case the parent nucleus captures an orbital electron, and a bound proton within the nucleus transmutes into a bound neutron and a neutrino is emitted. Since only one particle, a neutrino is emitted, this decay mode is a two body process, emission of a neutrino, and recoil of the daughter nucleus, the neutrinos are all emitted with a unique energy and momentum. So recoil energy of the daughter nucleus is unique. This decay mode is particularly significant heavy nuclei which have a large nucleus radius and atomic orbits particularly the K-shell spend sometime within the nucleus.
Another beta decay mode is the emission of a positron by a radioactive nucleus, accompanied with a simultaneous emission of a neutrino. This happens when a bound proton in a nucleus transmutes into a neutron, with a simultaneous creation of a positron and a neutrino, the latter two being ejected from within the nucleus. This decay mode is only possible, if the difference in the masses of the parent nucleus and the daughter nucleus is ≥ 1.022 MeV (twice the rest mass energy of the electron). The positron is also emitted with a continuous distribution of available energy.
The third mode of decay is electron capture. This mode of decay occurs when the difference of masses if the parent nucleus and the daughter nucleus < 1.022 MeV, so that positron emission is not possible and yet the mass of the parent nucleus is more than that the daughter. In this case the parent nucleus captures an orbital electron, and a bound proton within the nucleus transmutes into a bound neutron and a neutrino is emitted. Since only one particle, a neutrino is emitted, this decay mode is a two body process, emission of a neutrino, and recoil of the daughter nucleus, the neutrinos are all emitted with a unique energy and momentum. So recoil energy of the daughter nucleus is unique. This decay mode is particularly significant heavy nuclei which have a large nucleus radius and atomic orbits particularly the K-shell spend sometime within the nucleus.
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in emmiting a beta particle(which is called a beta particle),the no. of nucleus (nutrons and protons) remains same , bit the no. of protons id increased by one and the no. of nutrons is decreased by one.
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