What is biology.in 1000 words
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LifeAs you work through this lesson, think about how biology—the study of life—affects you every day. It explains the human body and describes conditions of good health. It teaches you about the causes of disease and provides the means for diagnosis and treatment. It helps you understand other life-forms and their roles in your environment. It identifies environmental problems and demonstrates ways to solve them.
In recent decades, technology has come to play an important role in the study of life. In this lesson, you will see how advancements in technology have led to discoveries our ancestors could not even have imagined. Let's take a look.Specialized Fields of BiologyLike all sciences, biology includes many specialized fields. Given the size and diversity of our natural world, it would be impossible for any one type of biologist to study all living things.
Traditionally, there were two main branches of biology: botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals). Today, there are dozens.
Specializations range from the study of cells to organisms to ecosystems and beyond. For example, histologists study microscopic animal and plant tissues, and ecologists study how organisms relate and interact with their environment and other organisms. The field of biology has many other "ists" that all fall under the broad umbrella of the same science.Themes in BiologyAlthough there are many areas of study within biology, several themes have emerged:
Science as process: The word science is derived from a Latin verb meaning "to know." That is, biology is an ongoing process of learning, not just a list of facts.
Evolution: Evolution is simply how living things evolve, or change, over time. It explains inherited similarities in organisms and causes of variation.
Energy transfer: All organisms perform work as they move, grow, and reproduce and need an energy source to do so. Organisms constantly transfer energy to their surroundings, and vice versa. This transfer involves the conversion of one form of energy into another.
Continuity and change: Organisms reproduce to ensure their species continues. But combining genes also results in variations in offspring.
Relationship of structure to function: Every type of organism has developed parts to adapt to its habitat. Birds have different kinds of beaks, and plants have different kinds of seeds, for example.
Regulation: Also called homeostasis. Cells, animals, and ecosystems work to maintain stable internal conditions, such as body temperature, even when external conditions change.
Interdependence in nature: The flow of energy and cycling of matter are the two processes that determine the relationships between organisms and their surroundings.
Science, technology, and society: Scientific inquiry should consider the ethical and social impact of the research. In other words, scientists must make decisions based on what society should do over what it can do.Biology and Other SciencesThe word biology means the study of life. In fact, biology is often called life science. But biologists also need to study how living organisms interact with nonliving objects. Several interdisciplinary branches of science have emerged to accommodate this need.
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. Bioinformatics is the application of information technology in biological analysis. Other common interdisciplinary branches include biophysics (the science of the application of physics to biological processes and phenomena), biometry (the science of measuring and analyzing biological data), psychology (the study of the mind), and sociobiology (the study of social behaviors in animals).Applied BiologyBiological research has contributed directly to life as we know it: how we grow crops, how we identify and treat diseases, and even what foods we eat are all direct results of biological research. Biotechnology (for example, converting corn into fuel) and food technology (for example, developing tomatoes with skins tough enough to be transported) are examples of how we see biology applied every day.
Researchers who pursue a specific area of interest may someday make great achievements. For example, an interest in diseases could lead to finding a cure for diabetes. Or an interest in plants could lead to discovering more efficient ways to grow our food without losing its good taste.
In recent decades, technology has come to play an important role in the study of life. In this lesson, you will see how advancements in technology have led to discoveries our ancestors could not even have imagined. Let's take a look.Specialized Fields of BiologyLike all sciences, biology includes many specialized fields. Given the size and diversity of our natural world, it would be impossible for any one type of biologist to study all living things.
Traditionally, there were two main branches of biology: botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals). Today, there are dozens.
Specializations range from the study of cells to organisms to ecosystems and beyond. For example, histologists study microscopic animal and plant tissues, and ecologists study how organisms relate and interact with their environment and other organisms. The field of biology has many other "ists" that all fall under the broad umbrella of the same science.Themes in BiologyAlthough there are many areas of study within biology, several themes have emerged:
Science as process: The word science is derived from a Latin verb meaning "to know." That is, biology is an ongoing process of learning, not just a list of facts.
Evolution: Evolution is simply how living things evolve, or change, over time. It explains inherited similarities in organisms and causes of variation.
Energy transfer: All organisms perform work as they move, grow, and reproduce and need an energy source to do so. Organisms constantly transfer energy to their surroundings, and vice versa. This transfer involves the conversion of one form of energy into another.
Continuity and change: Organisms reproduce to ensure their species continues. But combining genes also results in variations in offspring.
Relationship of structure to function: Every type of organism has developed parts to adapt to its habitat. Birds have different kinds of beaks, and plants have different kinds of seeds, for example.
Regulation: Also called homeostasis. Cells, animals, and ecosystems work to maintain stable internal conditions, such as body temperature, even when external conditions change.
Interdependence in nature: The flow of energy and cycling of matter are the two processes that determine the relationships between organisms and their surroundings.
Science, technology, and society: Scientific inquiry should consider the ethical and social impact of the research. In other words, scientists must make decisions based on what society should do over what it can do.Biology and Other SciencesThe word biology means the study of life. In fact, biology is often called life science. But biologists also need to study how living organisms interact with nonliving objects. Several interdisciplinary branches of science have emerged to accommodate this need.
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. Bioinformatics is the application of information technology in biological analysis. Other common interdisciplinary branches include biophysics (the science of the application of physics to biological processes and phenomena), biometry (the science of measuring and analyzing biological data), psychology (the study of the mind), and sociobiology (the study of social behaviors in animals).Applied BiologyBiological research has contributed directly to life as we know it: how we grow crops, how we identify and treat diseases, and even what foods we eat are all direct results of biological research. Biotechnology (for example, converting corn into fuel) and food technology (for example, developing tomatoes with skins tough enough to be transported) are examples of how we see biology applied every day.
Researchers who pursue a specific area of interest may someday make great achievements. For example, an interest in diseases could lead to finding a cure for diabetes. Or an interest in plants could lead to discovering more efficient ways to grow our food without losing its good taste.
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