what is Bose Einstein condensate?
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Explanation:
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Answer:
In 1924 the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sent Einstein a paper in which he derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles. Einstein generalized Bose’s theory to an ideal gas of identical atoms or molecules for which the number of particles is conserved and, in the same year, predicted that at sufficiently low temperatures the particles would become locked together in the lowest quantum state of the system. We now know that this phenomenon, called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), only happens for “bosons” – particles with a total spin that is an integer multiple of h, the Planck constant divided by 2 pi.
This Bose condensate, and the process of condensation itself, was predicted to have many unusual properties and for years experimenters have tried to produce Bose-Einstein condensation in the laboratory. Finally in 1995 groups at JILA, a laboratory run by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and theUniversity of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) obtained compelling evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases.