Question

What is Bottleneck effect?​

Answer 1

Bottlenecks is the term used for natural calamities like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, storms etc.

Related Information:-

1. Size of the population can change by the environment drastically.

2. Then from the original population this population will be genetically different.

3. Among the survivors certain alleles will have more frequency and some may have less as well.

4. In case the population passes through a Botteneck effect then ultimately it is going to recover in size.

5. But for a long period of time these type of population will have low levels of genetic variation.

6. Also there may be new production of a new species as well.

Answer 2

Answer:

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When disaster strikes, an ecosystem can change very quickly. When an event causes a drastic decrease in a population, it can cause a type of genetic drift called a bottleneck effect.

• This can be caused by a natural disaster, like an earthquake or volcano eruption. Today, it is also often caused by humans through over-hunting, deforestation, and pollution.

• When most members of a population die suddenly, genetic variation goes down and the frequencies at which different alleles are found in the population can change in a big way. Remember that alleles are different forms of a specific gene located in the same place on a chromosome.

An Example of the Bottleneck Effect

• The bottleneck effect, also known as a population bottleneck, is when a species goes through an event that suddenly and significantly reduces its population. Think about how only so much stuff can come out of the neck of a narrow bottle at a time. It's the same for this effect, where only a small proportion of the original population makes it through.

• The bottleneck can be due to a catastrophic environmental event (like an earthquake, drought, fire, flood, etc.) or human activities (like habitat destruction, hunting, or genocide). The individuals that survive have greatly reduced genetic diversity compared to the original population since fewer individuals means there are fewer genotypes. The effect is a type of genetic drift, which is defined as a random change in allele frequencies.