what is C3H10FO2P?Its name is sarin gas but don't know much about it.
Answers
Sarin is a neurotoxin or better known as a nerve agent and it targets the nervous system through disrupting the synaptic processes of nerves. It is a colorless, odorless and tasteless toxin and a synthetic organophosphate compound with the chemical formula of C4H10FO2P . Because sarin has such little atoms in its composition, it is naturally volatile and exists mostly as a gas or low-boiling liquid. The fluorine in its composition makes it reactive and is the reason that it binds so strongly to acetylcholinesterase.
There are 6 main components that take part in this process, the pre-synaptic nerve that stems from the brain, acetylcholine which is a neurotransmitter, the synapse which is a gap between the pre-synaptic nerve and post-synaptic nerve where acetylcholine passes through, the post-synaptic nerve which is connected to the rest of the body, acetycholine receptors (muscarinic or nicotinic) and acetylcholinesterase. In a normal nerve interaction, acetylcholine is released from the pre-synaptic neuron upon impulse of the brain and it is released into the synapse where it travels across to a sodium channel, or the post-synaptic neuron. There are 5 different proteins in the sodium channel, 2 of which have acetylcholine receptors, muscarinic or nicotinic receptors and they bind with the approaching acetylcholine, released by the pre-synaptic neuron. Once the acetylcholine binds to the receptors, it activates the channel to open, allowing for sodium ions to flow into the channel and into the cell. When the acetylcholine comes off the acetylcholine receptors, they bind to acetylcholinesterase, closing the channel and stopping the sodium flow. This effectively relaxes your muscles. It then breaks the acetylcholine molecule, returning it to the pre-synaptic neuron where the acetylcholine reforms to be released again upon impulse. Acetylcholine causes muscles to contract and flex and in the event of sarin gas poisoning, it causes convulsions which is the violent, irregular and sudden movement of the body through involuntary contraction of muscles.
In the event of sarin gas reaching the nervous system through inhalation or contact through skin, the sarin molecules will bind to the active site of the acetylcholinesterase enzymes and consequently blocking the enzymes ability to degrade acetylcholine that comes from the acetylcholine receptors. This causes the unstoppable flow of sodium ions into the sodium channel as with no acetylcholinesterase enzyme to break up the acetylcholine, they gather and accumulate on the receptors, keeping the sodium channel permanently open. The accumulation of acetylcholine stimulates the sodium channel receptors and as more and more sodium ions pour into the post-synaptic neuron, it produces uncontrollable, violent firing of nerve impulses and restricts the nerves ability to relax. We can observe this in insects that are poisoned by organophosphate or carbamate pesticides and insecticides as they commonly twitch and convulse. Sarin is effectively a human pesticide, delivering similar to effects that pesticides have on insects.
Acetylcholine has effect on two nervous systems, one being the parasympathetic nervous system which controls nerves in the digestive tract, bladder, the majority of glands, eyes, bronchi and controls our heart rate. Therefore, those who are affected by sarin normally uncontrollably urinate, defecate due to convulsions in the gastrointestinal tract, causing bowels to push it down, sweating from constriction of the sweat glands and also salivary glands, causing drooling. Constricted pupils also commonly occur in sarin gas victims and so does the fatal part of sarin gas which is bronchial constriction, the constricting of the size of airways. This causes air to struggle to reach the lungs and leads to death by asphyxiation. To worsen this, when the bronchi constrict, they overproduce mucus in the airways which also blocks them and can cause death by bronchial obstruction.
The second nervous system that acetylcholine effects is the motor nervous system which controls voluntary movement and governs all nerves throughout our body that control our muscles. An overflow of acetylcholine leads to involuntary contraction of muscles, which causes convulsions and if enough acetylcholine builds up in nerves, it can cause paralysis. Muscles become so contracted and rigid from the sarin interfering with acetylcholine, that they just cause freeze and it becomes impossible to control them and they remain permanently flexed. This paralysis becomes deadly when muscles around the rib cage become so contracted that they become physically immovable and the diaphragm can no longer expand and so the lungs can take in air anymore either. This is respiratory paralysis and causes an excruciatingly painful death by respiratory failure.
Not copied so feel free to use in any school work, I'm doing a project on this stuff so its all not plagiarized