what is cardiac cycle and its parts
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♦ Cardiac Cycle: It is defined as the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next. It comprises three stages – atrial systole, ventricular systole, and complete cardiac diastole.
♦ Now talking abt the stages:
- Diastole: In this stage chambers of the heart are calmed. That is when the aortic valve and pulmonary artery closes and atrioventricular valves open thus causing chambers of the heart to relax.
- Atrial Systole: At this phase, blood cells flow from atrium to ventricle and at this period atrium contracts.
- Isovolumic Contraction: At this stage, ventricles begin to contract. The atrioventricular valves, valve, and pulmonary artery valves close but there won’t be any transformation in volume.
- Ventricular Ejection: Here ventricles contract and emptying. Pulmonary artery and aortic valve close.
- Isovolumic Relaxation: In this phase, no blood enters the ventricles and consequently forth pressure decreases, ventricles stop contracting and begin to relax. Now due to the pressure in the aorta – pulmonary artery and aortic valve close.
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CARDIAC CYCLE
The cardiac cycle is a period from the beginning of one heart beat to the
beginning of the next one. It consists of two parts:
1. Ventricular contraction called systole.
2. Ventricular relaxation called diastole.
Each part of the cardiac cycle consists of several phases characterized by either
a strong pressure change with constant volume or a volume change with a relatively
small change in pressure.
Systole includes:
1. Isovolumic contraction.
2. Ejection.
Diastole includes:
3. Isovolumic relaxation.
4. Rapid ventricular filling.
5. Slow ventricular filling (diastasis).
6. Atrial contraction.
The duration of the cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate. The
cardiac cycle duration increases with a decrease in the heart rate and on the other
hand it shortens with increasing heart rate. At a normal heart rate of 75 beats per
minute, one cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 second. Under resting conditions, systole
occupies ⅓ and diastole ⅔ of the cardiac cycle duration. At an increasing heart rate
(e.g. during an intensive muscle work), the duration of diastole decreases much more
then the duration of systole.
In the following six chapters the individual phases of the cardiac cycle are
described. The description contains:
1) Mechanical events in the heart (the contraction on pictures is represented by a
colour change of the myocardium).
2) Pressure and volume changes in both the atria and the ventricles. The pressure
changes in the right atrium are seen in the recording of the venous pulse.
3) Pressure changes in the arteries – arterial pulse.
4) Electrical activity of the heart – electrocardiogram (ECG)
5) Heart sounds or phonocardiogram.
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_____________________________
CARDIAC CYCLE
The cardiac cycle is a period from the beginning of one heart beat to the
beginning of the next one. It consists of two parts:
1. Ventricular contraction called systole.
2. Ventricular relaxation called diastole.
Each part of the cardiac cycle consists of several phases characterized by either
a strong pressure change with constant volume or a volume change with a relatively
small change in pressure.
Systole includes:
1. Isovolumic contraction.
2. Ejection.
Diastole includes:
3. Isovolumic relaxation.
4. Rapid ventricular filling.
5. Slow ventricular filling (diastasis).
6. Atrial contraction.
The duration of the cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate. The
cardiac cycle duration increases with a decrease in the heart rate and on the other
hand it shortens with increasing heart rate. At a normal heart rate of 75 beats per
minute, one cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 second. Under resting conditions, systole
occupies ⅓ and diastole ⅔ of the cardiac cycle duration. At an increasing heart rate
(e.g. during an intensive muscle work), the duration of diastole decreases much more
then the duration of systole.
In the following six chapters the individual phases of the cardiac cycle are
described. The description contains:
1) Mechanical events in the heart (the contraction on pictures is represented by a
colour change of the myocardium).
2) Pressure and volume changes in both the atria and the ventricles. The pressure
changes in the right atrium are seen in the recording of the venous pulse.
3) Pressure changes in the arteries – arterial pulse.
4) Electrical activity of the heart – electrocardiogram (ECG)
5) Heart sounds or phonocardiogram.
______________________________
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