Question

What is Charles law in chemistry...also explain the ideal gas equation

Answer 1

Charles law : According to Charles law of constant pressure, The definite volume of dry gas is directly proportional to temperature.

V  ∝ T

V = k T

K = V / T ( k = constant)

IDEAL GAS EQUATION

At initial state, if pressure, volume and temperature are P1, V1 and T1 and in final state the pressure, volume, temperature becomes P2, V2 and T 2. The final state is being achieved by the following Boyle's law followed by Charles Law.

Initial state = P1, V1, T1

Final state = P2, V2, T2

Intermediate state = P2, V', T1

In STEP 1 applying Boyle's Law,

P1 V1 = P2 V'

V' = P1V1 / P2 ---- ( i )

In step 2 on applying Charles Law,

V'/ T1 = V2 / T2

V' = V2 T1 / T2 ----- ( ii )

FROM equations i and ii,

P1 V1 / P2 = V2 T1 / T2

P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2

PV / T = R ( CONSTANT)

PV = RT

FOR n moles of gas,

PV = nRT.

Answer 2

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`$\textbf{Charles Law}$`

According to it at constant pressure, volume of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of gas.

V is directly proportional to T

V = k T [Here k is constant]

(V ÷ T) = k

(V1 ÷ T1) = (V2 ÷ T2)

`$\textbf{Ideal Gas Equation}$`

A gas that follows Boyle's law, Charles Law, Avogadro law is called an Ideal Gas.

It assumes that there are no intermolecular forces between molecules of gases. But real gas follow these law only under standard condition, not at normal conditions.

By combination of all these laws, we get a combined gas law called Ideal gas equation.

At constant T and n (number of moles);
V is inversally proportional to P [Boyle's law] ........(1)

At constant P and n;
V is directly proportional to T [Charles Law] .........(2)

At constant P and T;
V is directly proportional to n [Avogadro law] .........(3)

By combination of equation (1), (2) and (3) we get,

V is directly proportional to [(n ×T) ÷ P]

V = [(R n T) ÷ P]
(Here R is constant)

V = [(n R T) ÷ P]

PV = nRT

→ Here P = Pressure of gas.
V = Volume of gas.
n = number of moles.
T = Temperature of gas.
R = Gas constant or universal gas constant.