what is chemical effect of electric current explain with diagram
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Chemical effects of electric current. The phenomenon of electrolysis is an importantchemical effect of electric current. In a metallic conductor, the electric current is due to the drifting of free electrons, there is no chemical or physical change, only the generation of heat.
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We use electricity to run different things like fans, doorbells, heaters, bulbs, and so on. These devices make use of different effects of electric current such as the magnetic effect and the heating effect. Another often-used effect of electric current is its chemical effect. When electricity is passed through certain liquids, chemical changes take place. Some of these changes are useful to us.
How do we pass electricity through a liquid? We put two electrodes in the liquid and apply a voltage across them. In a circuit, an electrode is a conductor that is in contact with a nonmetallic thing like a liquid or gas. The electrode connected to the positive terminal of a battery is called the anode, and the electrode connected to the negative terminal is called the cathode.
Let us try to pass a current through different liquids. We will use an LED (light-emitting diode) to detect current. An LED needs less current than a bulb to work. So, it will glow even if the current flowing through the liquid is weak.
An LED has two terminals—positive and negative. The positive terminal is longer. Connect it to the positive terminal of a 3-volt battery. Connect the negative terminals of the battery and the LED to wires attached to metal clips (or pins). The clips will act as electrodes.
Take the test liquid in a small plastic or glass container. Dip the clips into the liquid. They should not touch each other. If the liquid conducts electricity, the LED will glow. Test different liquids like distilled water, tap water, vinegar, lemon juice, oils, perfumes, solutions of common salt, washing powder, and so on. (You can get distilled water used for injections from a chemist’s.)
Distilled water does not conduct electricity. However, when you dissolve some common salt in the distilled water, the salt solution conducts electricity. Since tap water contains small amounts of dissolved salts, it can conduct electricity.
You will find that acids like vinegar and lemon juice, and solutions of bases like washing powder and baking powder conduct electricity. Why do acids and solutions of bases and salts conduct electricity? The answer to that lies in how different substances are made up and how a current flows through them.
How do we pass electricity through a liquid? We put two electrodes in the liquid and apply a voltage across them. In a circuit, an electrode is a conductor that is in contact with a nonmetallic thing like a liquid or gas. The electrode connected to the positive terminal of a battery is called the anode, and the electrode connected to the negative terminal is called the cathode.
Let us try to pass a current through different liquids. We will use an LED (light-emitting diode) to detect current. An LED needs less current than a bulb to work. So, it will glow even if the current flowing through the liquid is weak.
An LED has two terminals—positive and negative. The positive terminal is longer. Connect it to the positive terminal of a 3-volt battery. Connect the negative terminals of the battery and the LED to wires attached to metal clips (or pins). The clips will act as electrodes.
Take the test liquid in a small plastic or glass container. Dip the clips into the liquid. They should not touch each other. If the liquid conducts electricity, the LED will glow. Test different liquids like distilled water, tap water, vinegar, lemon juice, oils, perfumes, solutions of common salt, washing powder, and so on. (You can get distilled water used for injections from a chemist’s.)
Distilled water does not conduct electricity. However, when you dissolve some common salt in the distilled water, the salt solution conducts electricity. Since tap water contains small amounts of dissolved salts, it can conduct electricity.
You will find that acids like vinegar and lemon juice, and solutions of bases like washing powder and baking powder conduct electricity. Why do acids and solutions of bases and salts conduct electricity? The answer to that lies in how different substances are made up and how a current flows through them.
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