Question

what is chipko movement? when, where and by whom was it started? what were objectives

Answer 1

The Chipko movement or Chipko andolan was an organised endeavour to resist destruction of forests that spread throughout India in the 1970s . Chipko comes from the word 'embrace' as the villagers hugged the trees when contractors came to cut them down . Over the last few centuries many communities in India had acted as strong nature protectionists eg : the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan . In early part of 18th century the original Chipko movement was begun by this community . A large group of them led by Amrita Devi stood against the Maharaja of Jodhpur to protect the trees .
In the 20th century it began in the hills where forest is the primary source of livelihood . The Chipko movement of 1973 in the village of Mandal was the most famous one . Dhoom Singh Negi , Bachni Devi , Chandi Prasad Bhatt were among the notable activists .
Finally Mr. Sunderlal Bahuguna gave a proper direction to this movement . This movement was based on Gandhian ideologies . It was a non-violent way of protest to protect the environmental balance and prevent felling of trees .
This movement gained momentum in many parts of India and was successful in many instances . Uttar Pradesh gained a major victory in 1980 by a 15 year ban on green felling in the Himalayan forest of the State by the order of then Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi .
Our trees are our jewels . They help to sustain life on earth and serve mankind in a variety of ways . Hence the most important objective of this movement was to save this natural treasure . After all in the words of Mr. Bahuguna "ecology is permanent economy"....

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Answer 2

it was started by sundarlalbaghuna