What is chordata give brief explanation about the phylum chordata
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ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʜʏʟᴜᴍ ᴄʜᴏʀᴅᴀᴛᴀ ɪs ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏᴛᴏᴄʜᴏʀᴅ, ᴀ ʟᴏɴɢɪᴛᴜᴅɪɴᴀʟ, ғʟᴇxɪʙʟᴇ ʀᴏᴅ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴛᴜʙᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇʀᴠᴇ ᴄᴏʀᴅ; ɪɴ ᴠᴇʀᴛᴇʙʀᴀᴛᴇs, ᴛʜɪs ɪs ᴛʜᴇ sᴘɪɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʀᴅᴀᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴢᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴅᴏʀsᴀʟ ɴᴇʀᴠᴇ ᴄᴏʀᴅ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ sᴘʟɪᴛs ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʀᴀɪɴ ᴀɴᴅ sᴘɪɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏʀᴅ.
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Animals in the phylum Chordata share four key features that appear at some stage of their development:
A notochord, or a longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. In most vertebrates, it is replaced developmentally by the vertebral column. This is the structure for which the phylum is named.
A dorsal nerve cord which develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube located dorsal to the notochord. Other animal phyla have solid nerve cords ventrally located. A chordate nerve cord splits into the central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord.
Pharyngeal slits, which allow water that enters through the mouth to exit without continuing through the entire digestive tract. In many of the invertebrate chordates, these function as suspension feeding devices; in vertebrates, they have been modified for gas exchange, jaw support, hearing, and other functions.
A muscular, postanal tail which extends posterior to the anus. The digestive tract of most nonchordates extends the length of the body. In chordates, the tail has skeletal elements and musculature, and can provide most of the propulsion in aquatic species.
In some groups, some of these traits are present only during embryonic development. In addition to containing vertebrate classes, the phylum Chordata contains two clades of invertebrates: Urochordata (tunicates) and Cephalochordata (lancelets). However, even though they are invertebrates, they share characteristics with other chordates that places them in this phylum. For example, tunicate larvae have both a notochord and a nerve cord which are lost in adulthood. Most tunicates live on the ocean floor and are suspension feeders. Cephalochordates, or lancelets, have a notochord and a nerve cord (but no brain or specialist sensory organs) and a very simple circulatory system. Lancelets are suspension feeders that feed on phytoplankton and other microorganisms.
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