Question

What is chromatography? Explain by giving principle involved. State its important applications.

Answer 1

a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates.

principle

The samples are subjected to flow by mobile liquid onto or through the stable stationary phase. The sample components are separated into fractions based on their relative affinity towards the two phases during their travel. ... The process of chromatography separates mixtures into their individual components.

Answer 2

Answer:

Chromatography is an analytical technique wherein a sample mixture under test is separated into different components.”

Principle

The preferential separation is done due to differential affinities of compounds towards stationary and mobile phase. After separation of the compounds, they are identified by suitable detection methods.

The differences in affinities arise due to relative adsorption or partition coefficient between components towards both phases.

Adsorption varies due to the polarity of components towards the stationary phase. If both the stationary phase and components in the sample are polar, the rate of travel for the polar component is slow and hence get separated from the rest of sample is passed out of the column last. Similarly, if both the stationary phase and component in the sample are non-polar, then the non-polar component comes out last due to the slow rate of travel in the column under the influence of the mobile phase. So the stationary phase and mobile phase are always opposite. I.e., if the stationary phase is polar, the mobile phase used is non-polar and vice-versa.

Applications

To separate colours in a dye.

To separate pigments from natural colours.

To separate drugs from blood.