History, asked by lisahaydon4408, 1 year ago

What is collectivization ?who introduce it and why ? State any two consequences of it.

Answers

Answered by anjohncenaspbhx52
5
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise."[1] That type of collective is often an agricultural cooperative in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities. The process by which farmland is aggregated, often by force, is called collectivization. In some countries (including the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries, China, and Vietnam), there have been state-run and cooperative-run variants. For example, the Soviet Union had both kolkhozy (cooperative-run type) and sovkhozy (state-run type), often denoted in English as collective farms and state farms, respectively. The Soviet Union enforced the collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 (in West - between 1948 and 1952) during the ascendancy of Joseph Stalin. It began during and was part of the first five-year plan.


POLITICAL
The communist party had more control over the country
Stalin's power reinforced (after power struggle)
Russia moved further towards socialism (Kulaks eliminated, capitalism abolished with the exception of private plots of land)
SOCIAL
7 million deaths (famine in 1932)
Population imbalance in rural areas (too many people left for the cities leaving the old/too young in the country, thus making it more inefficient)
Some felt betrayed by the communist party
Agriculture was sacrificed for the needs of industry
Some gains (education, health care)
ECONOMIC
Production plummeted (number of livestock did not recover until 1950s)
Famine (in Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Caucasus especially)
Grain exports increased (money for industrialisation)
Agriculture still inefficient (bad planning such as lack of tractors when needed)
Lack of incentives
Some elements of capitalism (supposed profit, 1/3 of produce sold from private plots)
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