What is common between nucleoid of prokaryotes and nucleus of eukaryotes?
Answers
Answer:
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus bound by a double membrane. ... In contrast, the smaller prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The materials are already fairly close to each other and there is only a "nucleoid" which is the central open region of the cell where the DNA is located.
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Explanation:
Similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Cell Membrane
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells bear a lipid bilayer, which is an arrangement of phospholipids and proteins that acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external environment of the cell.
Genetic Material
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the basis for their genetic information. This genetic material is needed to regulate and inform cell function through the creation of RNA by transcription, followed by the generation of proteins through translation.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes facilitate RNA translation and the creation of protein, which is essential to the functioning of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the medium in which the biochemical reactions of the cell take place, of which the primary component is cytosol.
In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm comprises everything between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, including the organelles; the material within the nucleus is termed the nucleoplasm. In prokaryotes the cytoplasm encompasses everything within the plasma membrane, including the cytoskeleton and genetic material.
Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Cell size
Eukaryotic cells are ordinarily larger (10 – 100um) than prokaryotic cells (1 – 10um).
Cell arrangement
Eukaryotes are often multicellular whereas prokaryotes are unicellular. There are however some exceptions –unicellular eukaryotes include amoebas, paramecium, yeast.
True membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus bound by a double membrane. It contains the DNA-related functions of the large cell in a smaller enclosure to ensure close proximity of materials and increased efficiency for cellular communication and functions.
In contrast, the smaller prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The materials are already fairly close to each other and there is only a "nucleoid" which is the central open region of the cell where the DNA is located.
DNA structure
Eukaryotic DNA is linear and complexed with packaging proteins called "histones," before organization into a number of chromosomes
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and is neither associated with histones nor organized into chromosomes. A prokaryotic cell is simpler and requires far fewer genes to function than the eukaryotic cell. Therefore, it contains only one circular DNA molecule and various smaller DNA circlets (plasmids).