What is common ion effect
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The phenomenon of suppression of the degree of dissociation of a weak acid or a weak base by the addition of a strong electrolyte containing a common ion is known as common ion effect.
For example: let us consider the ionization of a weak base ammonium hydroxide i.e. NH4OH as:
NH4OH (aq) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH– (aq)
The ionization constant for the base will be:
Kb = [NH4+] [OH–] / [NH4OH]
If solid NH4Cl is added to the solution, the concentration of NH4+ ions increases. According to Le-Chateliers’s principle, the equilibrium shifts to the left. As a result, the concentration of OH– is considerably decreased and the weak base NH4OH becomes even weaker in the presence of its salt.
NH4OH ⇌ NH4+ + OH–
(Equilibrium shifts to left side)
NH4Cl ⇌ NH4+ + Cl–
This phenomenon is known as common ion effect.
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For example: let us consider the ionization of a weak base ammonium hydroxide i.e. NH4OH as:
NH4OH (aq) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH– (aq)
The ionization constant for the base will be:
Kb = [NH4+] [OH–] / [NH4OH]
If solid NH4Cl is added to the solution, the concentration of NH4+ ions increases. According to Le-Chateliers’s principle, the equilibrium shifts to the left. As a result, the concentration of OH– is considerably decreased and the weak base NH4OH becomes even weaker in the presence of its salt.
NH4OH ⇌ NH4+ + OH–
(Equilibrium shifts to left side)
NH4Cl ⇌ NH4+ + Cl–
This phenomenon is known as common ion effect.
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Answer:It can be defined as the shift in equilibrium on adding a substance that provides more of an ionic species already present in the dissociation equilibrium
Explanation:
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