What is confusion and diffusion in cryptography with example?
Answers
⭐Confusion refers to making the correlation between the key and the ciphertext as complex and intricate as possible.
⭐diffusion refers to the property that the redundancy in the statistics of the plaintext is “dissipated” in the statistics of the ciphertext.
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Confusion each character of ciphertext depends on a different part of the key. In confusion the key does not directly related to ciphertext. It is a classical substitution cipher.
Confusion = Substitution
a —>b
Caesar cipher
For Example, Suppose we have a Hill cipher with a matrix n x n and suppose we have a plaintext-ciphertext pair of length n2 with which we are able to solve for the encryption matrix. If we change one character of the ciphertext, one column of the matrix can change completely. Of course, it would be more desirable to have the entire key change. When a situation like that happens, the cryptanalyst would probably need to solve for the entire key simultaneously, rather than piece by piece.
Diffusion It means any of the characters in plaintext is changed, then simultaneously several characters of the ciphertext should also be changed. Similarly, if the character of ciphertext is changed then simultaneously several characters of plaintext should be changed. It is a classical transposition cipher.
Diffusion = Transposition or Permutation
abcd —>dacb
DES
For Example, Hill Cipher has the characteristic of diffusion.