Question

What is consumer equilibrium with ordinal utility analysis

Answer 1

Definition: The Ordinal Approach to Consumer Equilibrium asserts that the consumer is said to have attained equilibrium when he maximizes his total utility (satisfaction) for the given level of his income and the existing prices of goods and services. The ordinal approach defines two conditions of consumer equilibrium: Necessary or First Order Condition and Supplementary or Second Order Condition.

To understand how the consumer reaches his equilibrium using the ordinal approach we need to understand the following terms:

Indifference curve: The indifference curve shows the different combinations of two substitutes (goods) that yield the same level of satisfaction (utility) to the consumer. This means that the consumer is indifferent towards the consumption of two goods which are closely related to each other.Indifference Map: The indifference map contains different indifference curves showing the combinations of different quantities of two substitute goods on the basis of the consumer preferences. The consumer can make different combinations of goods by consuming less of one commodity or the other in such a way that all the combinations yield the same level of satisfaction.Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS): The marginal rate of substitution defines the rate at which one commodity is substituted for another in such a way that the total utility (satisfaction) remains the same.Budget Line: As per the properties of the indifference curve, higher the indifference curve on the indifference map, the higher is the utility derived from the consumption. Thus, the consumer tries to reach to the highest possible indifference curve with two strong constraints: limited income and market price of goods and services.Since the amount of income in hand decides how high consumer can reach on his indifference map acts as a budgetary constraint. Therefore, the budget line represents the different quantity combinations of available commodities that a consumer can purchase given his level of income and the market price of goods and services.

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