what is coordinate bond class 11
Answers
A coordinate bond, also known as a covalent or Dative covalent bond, is a chemical bond that forms almost exclusively between non-metals.
When any of these elements form bonds with another non-metal element, they do so because one or (usually) both atoms have opposite net charges, resulting from having fewer or greater electrons than there are protons.
For example, a hydrogen atom without an electron is indistinguishable from a lone proton, so the net charge on it is positive one (+1), the charge of a single proton. If we add one electron to balance out the hydrogen atom’s charge, the net charge is zero; go farther and add an additional electron, then the net charge of the atom is negative one (-1). This relationship shows that the charges of a lone electron or proton are equal, but opposite.
Atoms and larger molecules are at their most stable when their negative and positive charges are equal, or when their net charge is zero. When their is an excess of one charge, the difference in charges will exert a force on surrounding atoms, causing the atoms to approach one another until (usually) one of two reactions take place:
An Ionic Bond: The molecule that originally possesses a charge imbalance will strip the electron(s) off the other atom. The electron spends time in the orbits of both the atoms, but the vast majority of it is around the material that “took” the electron. The two atoms are now bound together by differences in charges, the unfortunate atom that had its electron(s) stripped away locked in place by a constant force generated by its positive net charge, and the now neutral (but comparatively negative) charge of the other atom.
A Coordinate/ Covalent/ Dative Covalent Bond: Rather than the stolen electron(s) spending the majority of their time around one atom, it spends almost equal time in the orbits of each atom. The two atoms now have a net charge equal to zero, but are “bound” together by the new orbit of the electron(s).
Note that “time” is a meaningless term on the quantum level (atoms, electrons, smaller particles). In truth, if you were trying to detect an electron involved in the described bonds, you would simply have a higher “probability” to detect it around atoms with a lower electronegativity (those that form ionic bonds). Non-metals have the highest electronegativities out of all the elements, which explains why they rarely make ionic bonds with one another.
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