Question

what is covalent bond and give its one example ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Examples of Covalent Bonding. Methane molecule (CH4) The electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4. It needs 4 more electrons in its outer shell to be like the noble gas neon. ... Water molecule (H2O) One oxygen atom joins with two hydrogen atoms. ... Carbon dioxide (CO2) One carbon atom joins with two oxygen atoms.

Answer 2

Answer:

$\large\mathcal{\color{blue}{\underline{ \color{lime}{COVALENT \: BOND:--}}}}$

Generally a covalent bond is formed when atoms of two elements having similar properties combine. Such atoms cannot exchange electrons. Instead, these atoms share electrons with each other. The shared electrons become a common property of both the atoms and thereby the electron octet/duplet of both the atoms becomes complete.

Let us consider example of an Hydrogen molecule.

Hydrogen formula :-

$\color{blue}{ \huge{H} \small{2}}$

The chemical bond formed by sharing of Valence electrons of two atoms with each other is called covalent bond. One covalent bond is formed by sharing of 2 Valence electron. The figure 13.5 shows formation of H2 molecule from 2 hydrogen atoms, using diagrammatic representation of Electronic Configuration.

(For more info :- A hydrogen atom contains one electron, it's duplet is short of 1 electron and that's why it's valency is 1)

Know more :-

A covalent bond between 2 atoms is also represented by dash (–) joining their symbols

Let's see how H2O molecule of a covalent bond is formed from hydrogen and oxygen atom.( See 13.6 figure attached) There are 6 electrons in Valence shell of oxygen atom. It means that the electron octet in oxygen is short of 2 electrons and the valency is "2". In the H2O molecule the oxygen atom completes its octet by forming two covalent bonds , one each with the 2 hydrogen atoms . (While this happens the duplets of 2 hydrogen atoms also are completed)