Question

what is cyclotron.?

Answer 1

Cyclotron can be defined as a type of particle accelerator in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the centre along a spiral path. These particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying electric field

Answer 2

$\Large\underline\mathfrak{Question}$

What is cyclotron.?

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$\Large\bold\star\underline{\underline\textbf{Cyclotron\:}}$

→ Cyclotron is a device developed by Lawrence and Livingstone by which the positively charged particle like proton , neutron etc. can be accelerated.

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$\Large\bold\star\underline{\underline\textbf{Principle.\:}}$

→ Cyclotron is based on the fact that the
charged particle can be accelerated with the help of oscillating electric field, by making it to cross the same electric field again and again, with the use of strong magnetic field.

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$\Large\bold\star\underline{\underline\textbf{Construction\:}}$

→ It consists of two D-shaped hollow
evacuated chambers D1 and D2 called as dees. These dees are placed in horizontal position and are separated slightly from each other. These dees are Connected to high frequency oscillator which can produce a potential difference of approx 10 volt. The two dees are enclosed in an evacuated steel box, and the steel box is placed in strong magnetic field produced by two pole pieces of strong
electromagnet NS. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of dees. P is the place of source of positively charged particles.

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$\Large\bold\star\underline{\underline\textbf{Working and Theory\:}}$

→ The positive ion to be accelerated is produced at P. At this time, imagine D1 to be negative and D2 to be positive. Therefore, the positive ion will be accelerated towards D1. But as enters inside D1 ,the electric field becomes zero however, a magnetic field B is acting perpendicular on it. Hence, the positive ion will describe Circular path. After some time, say t' the positive ion will come out of D1. Exactly at this time, D1 becomes positive and D2 becomes negative due to high frequency oscillator. Hence the positive ion is accelerated between the two dees and enters D2 with increased velocity. As it goes inside D2 , it finds no electric field inside hollow dee
D2, however a magnetic field B is acting on it. Hence, the positive ion will describe a circular path. After some time, say 't', the positive ion will come out of D2.

» As the positive ion comes in the space' between the two dees again, D1 becomes negative and D2 becomes positive. The positive ion gets accelerated again and it
again enters dee D, with greater velocity. Also, it will describe a circular path of increase radius and so on. Thus the path of the positive ion is spiral. Ultimately, as the particle comes near the edge, it is taken out of window W with the help of deflection plates. The particle is then allowed to hit a target.

Hope it helped u.

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