what is cytoplasmic tail
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Answer:
In molecular biology, the cadherin cytoplasmic region is a conserved region found at the C-terminus of cadherin proteins. A key determinant to the strength of the binding that it is mediated by cadherins is the juxtamembrane region (the part of the cytoplasmic region which is adjacent to the transmembrane domain) of the cadherin. This region induces clustering and also binds to the protein catenin (p120ctn).[1] The cytoplasmic region is highly conserved in sequence and has been shown experimentally to regulate the cell-cell binding function of the extracellular domain of E-cadherin, possibly through interaction with the cytoskeleton.[
Answer:
The efficient release of many enveloped viruses from cells involves the coalescence of viral components at sites of budding on the plasma membrane of infected cells. This coalescence is believed to require interactions between the cytoplasmic tails of surface glycoproteins and the matrix (M) protein. For the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5), the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein has been shown previously to be important for normal virus budding. To investigate a role for the cytoplasmic tail of the fusion (F) protein in virus assembly and budding, we generated a series of F cytoplasmic tail-truncated recombinant viruses. Analysis of these viruses in tissue culture indicated that the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein was dispensable for normal virus replication and budding. To investigate further the requirements for assembly and budding of SV5, we generated two double-mutant recombinant viruses that lack 8 amino acids of the predicted 17-amino-acid HN protein cytoplasmic tail in combination with truncation of either 10 or 18 amino acids from the predicted 20-amino-acid F protein cytoplasmic tail. Both of the double mutant recombinant viruses displayed a replication defect in tissue culture and a budding defect, the extent of which was dependent on the length of the remaining F cytoplasmic tail. Taken together, this work and our earlier data on virus-like particle formation suggest a redundant role for the cytoplasmic tails of the HN and F proteins in virus assembly and budding.
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