Question

What is Dandi Salt March​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

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On 12 March 1930, Gandhi started the Dandi march from Sabarmati Ashram towards the small coastal village of Dandi. He marched against the state monopoly in manufacturing and selling of salt. Gandhi chose salt because it was used in every Indian household, yet people were not allowed to make salt even for domestic use.

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Background to Salt Satyagraha

• By 1930, the Congress Party had declared that Poorna Swarajya or complete independence was to be the sole aim of the freedom struggle.

• It started observing 26 January as Poorna Swarajya Day, and it was decided that civil disobedience was to be the means employed to achieve it.

• Mahatma Gandhi was asked to plan and organise the first such act. Gandhiji chose to break the salt tax in defiance of the government.

• Some members of Congress were skeptical of the choice and other Indians and the British dismissed this choice of salt with disdain.

• The then Viceroy, Lord Irwin was hardly perturbed by the threat of a salt protest and the government did nothing to prevent the salt march from taking place.

• The salt tax accounted for 8.2% of the British Raj revenue from tax and Gandhiji knew that the government could not ignore this.

The course of the Salt Satyagraha

• Gandhiji informed Lord Irwin of his plan on 2nd March 1930.

• He would lead a group of people from his Ashram at Sabarmati on 12th March 1930 and walk through the villages of Gujarat.

• On reaching the coastal village of Dandi, he would make salt from seawater thereby breaking the salt act. Gandhiji started the march as planned with 80 of his followers. They were given strict instructions not to resort to any kind of violence.

• Thousands of people thronged the path from Sabarmati Ashram to Ahmedabad to witness the historic event.

• At the end of every day, Gandhiji would address thousands of people and attack the government in his speeches.

• Gandhiji talked to foreign journalists and wrote articles for newspapers on the way. This pushed the Indian independence movement into the forefront of world media. Gandhiji became a household name in the West.

Effects of Salt Sathyagraha

• Around 60,000 people including Gandhiji himself were arrested by the government.

• There was widespread civil disobedience carried on by the people. Apart from the salt tax, other unpopular tax laws were being defied like the forest laws, chowkidar tax, land tax, etc.

• The government tried to suppress the movement with more laws and censorship.

• The Congress Party was declared illegal. But this did not deter the satyagrahis who continued the movement.

• There were some incidents of violence in Calcutta and Karachi but Gandhiji did not call off the movement, unlike the previous time with the non-cooperation movement.

• C Rajagopalachari led a similar march on the southeast coast from Trichy to Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu. He too was arrested for making salt.

• K Kelappan led a march in the Malabar region from Calicut to Payyanur.

• There were similar marches and salt was produced illegally in Assam and Andhra Pradesh.

• On May 21, 1930, there was a protest against the Dharasana Salt Works by peaceful non-violent protestors led by Sarojini Naidu. The police lathi-charged the protestors brutally and it resulted in the deaths of 2 people with several others being injured. This event was reported in the international media and there was a condemnation of British policies followed in India.

• The British government was shaken by the movement. Also, its non-violent nature made it difficult for them to suppress it violently.

This movement had three main effects:

• It pushed Indian freedom struggle into the limelight in western media.

• It brought a lot of people including women and the depressed classes directly in touch with the freedom movement.

• It showed the power of the non-violent Satyagraha as a tool in fighting imperialism.

• Gandhiji was released from prison in 1931 and he met with Lord Irwin who was keen to put an end to the civil disobedience movement and the media attention it had caught.

• As per the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the civil disobedience movement would be ended and Indians, in return, would be allowed to make salt for domestic use. Lord Irwin also agreed to release the arrested Indians. Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Conference in London as an ‘equal’.

Drawbacks of Salt Sathyagraha

• The movement did not procure any major concessions from the government.

• Muslim support was limited.

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