what is decentralisation?what is importance or need for decentralisation
Answers
When power is taken away from the Central and State governments, and given to the Local governments, it is called decentralisation.
Empowering Employees
Employees can be empowered by having more autonomy to make their own decisions, giving them a sense of importance and making them feel as if they have more input in the direction of the organization. It also allows them to make better use of the knowledge and experience they have gained and implement some of their own ideas. Empowered employees can cut the "red tape" of an organization by taking the initiative to get the job done with a minimum of managerial approvals.
Relieving the Burden
Decentralizing takes some of the burden of daily business operations off the business owner. When the owner allows others to perform such tasks as hiring new employees or ordering supplies, this frees her up to spend more time on big-picture items, such as planning for expansion or meeting with important clients. Though it can be hard for some owners to allow this type of flexibility, the rewards can be substantial for both employees and business owners.
Preparing for Emergencies
A situation may arise where the business owner must be away from the business for an extended period time because of illness or another type of emergency. A decentralized structure provides a better chance that the organization will maintain self-sufficiency because managers and employees are accustomed to working autonomously. Give the process a test run by leaving the business for a week or two -- a vacation, perhaps -- and evaluating the results when you return.
More Efficient Decision-Making
A decentralized organization is able to make decisions more quickly than one with a centralized structure. A manager often can make a decision without having to wait for it to go up a chain of command, allowing the organization to react quickly to situations where fast action can mean the difference between gaining and losing a customer.
Ease of Expansion
For a growing business, decentralization can facilitate the process of expansion. For example, if expansion results in opening a new business unit in a different geographic area, decentralization allows the new unit to operate as an independent entity, meaning it can react more easily to the specific needs of the area, such as deciding to sell products that appeal to the local market.
Answer:
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◾️Major step towards decentralization were taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
✔️It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
✔️Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
✔️At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
✔️An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
✔️The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
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