What is diaphragm?
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Diaphragm, dome-shaped, muscular and membranous structure that separates the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities in mammals; it is the principal muscle of respiration.
The muscles of the diaphragm arise from the lower part of the sternum (breastbone), the lower six ribs, and the lumbar (loin) vertebrae of the spine and are attached to a central membranous tendon. Contraction of he diaphragm increases the internal height of the thoracic cavity, thus lowering its internal pressure and causing inspiration of air. Relaxation of the diaphragm and the natural elasticity of lung tissue and the thoracic cage produce expiration. The diaphragm is also important in expulsive actions—e.g., coughing, sneezing, vomiting, crying, and expelling feces, urine, and, in parturition, the fetus. The diaphragm is pierced by many structures, notably the esophagus, aorta, and inferior vena cava, and is occasionally subject to herniation (rupture). Small holes in the membranous portion of the diaphragm sometimes allow abnormal accumulations of fluid or air to move from the abdominal cavity (where pressure is positive during inspiration) into the pleural spaces of the chest (where pressure is negative during inspiration). Spasmodic inspiratory movement of the diaphragm produces the characteristic sound known as hiccupping.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn, Managing Editor.
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ADDITIONAL MEDIA
asbestosis
Anatomy of the human lungs.
The diaphragm contracts and relaxes, forcing air in and out of the lungs.
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MORE ABOUT Diaphragm
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Assorted References
embryonic origins
In prenatal development: Coelom
respiratory disease
In respiratory disease: Diseases of the mediastinum and diaphragm
vertebrate muscles
In muscle: Tetrapod musculature
function in
breathing regulation
In human respiratory system: Control of breathing
In human respiratory system: The lung–chest system
mammalian respiratory system
In mammal: Respiratory system
In respiratory system: Mammals
singing
In singing: Bel canto from the 17th to the early 19th century
supportive and connective tissue
In human skeletal system: The rib cage
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Explanation:
The diaphragm is the primary muscle used in respiration, which is the process of breathing. This dome-shaped muscle is located just below the lungs and heart. It contracts continually as you breathe in and out