Question

What is difference between sodium atom and sodium ion.
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Answer 1

.A sodium atom has a neutral charge as its number of negatively charged electrons around the nucleus matches the number of positive charged protons in the nucleus. A sodium ion ie. Na+ is has lost its outermost valence electron and thus has positive charge. When an ion is formed, the number of protons does not change

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Answer 2

Sodium atom is non charged species which has no valence electron which has not attained valency.  sodium Ion has attained valency by donating 2 electrons from its outer most shell by therefore having a valency of 2 Plus.ions are charged species